| Summary: | Abstract Background Lentil is an important source of food not only locally but globally. The importance of this legume crop is highlighted in light of the transport of strategic food sources such as wheat, maize, and rice due to environmental challenges. So, the process of genetic improvement of this crop has become imperative. Results The final results confirmed that the three lentil cultivars Giza 9 (G1), Giza 29 (G2), and Giza 51 (G3) were exhibited unparalleled superiority for all growth, germination, and other traits under study when exposed to the three doses of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) compared to the control. Moreover, the three doses of this mutagen exceeded on the control experiment and this superiority were most severe especially at the third dose. The higher limit of positive percentages values of induced mutagenesis in M2 lentil generation (the second mutant generation) was observed in all studied traits especially at the third dose of EMS (0.3). This fact confirmed the success of the genetic improvement process in all lentil traits mentioned above. Conclusion The three lentil cultivars (Giza 9, Giza 29, and Giza 51) were recorded highly mean values of all studied in M2 generation for the three doses of EMS. The third dose of mutagen (0.3) was come in the first rank followed by the second dose (0.2) then the first dose in this regard.
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