Ekspresi COX-2 setelah pemberian ekstrak etanolik kulit manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn) pada tikus wistar (COX-2 expression after mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana Linn) etanolic extract administration in wistar rats)

• Main Authors: Rendra Chriestedy Prasetya, Tetiana Haniastuti, Nunuk Purwanti
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universitas Airlangga 2013-12-01
• Series: Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi
• Subjects: Periodontitis; Garcinia mangostana Linn; mangosteen rind etanolic extract; cyclooxygenase-2; wistar rats; ekstrak etanolik kulit manggis; tikus wistar
• Online Access: http://e-journal.unair.ac.id/index.php/MKG/article/view/753

<p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Background: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Cyclooxygenase is an enzyme for prostaglandins (PGs) synthesis from arachidonic acid. Cyclooxygenase have been </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>characterized and named as COX-1 and COX-2. COX-1 is responsible for constitutive PGs production under physiological condition </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>and maintains normal function. On the other hand, while COX-2 expression is inducible by cytokines and endotoxin. Periodontitis </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by anaerobic bacteria especially gram negative bacteria. The periodontitis occurrence is </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>followed by increased of COX-2 expression. Mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana Linn) contains gamma mangostin which inhibits </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>the synthesis of PGE2 through inhibition of COX-2 expression. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Purpose: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>This research was aimed to study COX-2 expression in </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>experimental-induced periodontitis in wistar rats after mangosteen rind etanolic extract administration. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Methods: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Forty eight male </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>wistar rats were induced periodontitis by putting silk ligature subgingivally around the cervical of the anterior lower teeth for 7 days. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>After the ligation was taken out, the rats were divided into 4 groups, and treated orally with mangosteen rind extract 60 mg/kg BB, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>30 mg/kg BB, ibuprofen and saline respectively. The rats were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 4th, 7th day after the treatment. The rats’ </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>anterior lower jaws were processed for paraffin embedded tissue, cut serially and stained with immunohistochemistry. COX-2 expression </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>were observed and counted under the microscope (400x). The data were analyzed using kruskall wallis test. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Results: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Kruskal wallis </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>test showed a significant difference COX-2 expression among group indicating that mangosteen rind etanolic extract affected COX-2 </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>expression. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Conclusion: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Mangosteen rind etanolic extract reduced COX-2 expression in periodontitis rats.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Latar belakang: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Siklooksigenase adalah enzim yang mensintesis prostaglandin (PG) dari asam arakhidonat. Siklooksigenase dibagi </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>menjadi 2 yaitu COX-1 dan COX-2. COX-1 bertanggung jawab pada sintesis PG dalam kondisi fisiologis dan mempertahankan fungsi </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>normal, sedangkan ekspresi COX-2 dapat terinduksi oleh sitokin dan endotoksin. Periodontitis adalah penyakit peradangan kronis yang </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>disebabkan oleh bakteri anaerob terutama bakteri gram negatif. Terjadinya periodontitis diikuti oleh peningkatan ekspresi COX-2. Kulit </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana Linn) mengandung mangostin gamma yang menghambat sintesis PGE2 melalui penghambatan </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>COX-2. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Tujuan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti ekspresi COX-2 pada tikus wistar jantan yang diinduksi periodontitis setelah </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>pemberian ekstrak etanolik kulit manggis. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Metode: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Empat puluh delapan ekor tikus wistar jantan diinduksi periodontitis dengan </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>meletakkan ligatur sutra pada subgingiva sevikal gigi anterior rahang bawah selama 7 hari. Setelah ligatur dilepas, tikus dibagi dalam </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>4 kelompok yaitu ekstrak kulit manggis dosis 60 mg/kg BB, 30 mg/kg BB, ibuprofen dan saline dengan pemberian secara peroral. Tikus </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>didekapitasi pada hari ke-1,3, 5 dan 7 setelah perlakuan. Rahang bawah gigi depan dilakukan pemrosesan menjadi blok paraffin, </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>dipotong serial dan dilakukan pewarnaan imunohistokimia. Ekspresi COX-2 diamati di bawah mikroskop dengan perbesaran 400x.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> <span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Data pengamatan dianalisa dengan uji kruskall wallis. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Hasil: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Uji kruskall wallis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan bermakna ekspresi </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>COX-2 diantara kelompok perlakuan yang mengindikasikan bahwa ekstrak kulit manggis mempengaruhi ekspresi COX-2. </em><span style="font-family: Tribune-Bold; font-size: 10pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><strong>Simpulan: </strong><span style="font-family: Tribune-Italic; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;"><em>Ektrak etanolik kulit manggis menurunkan ekspresi COX-2 pada tikus dengan periodontitis.</em></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /></em></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>