| Summary: | Kensuke Kinoshita,1 Yusuke Tsugawa,2 Taro Shimizu,3 Yusuke Tanoue,4 Ryota Konishi,5 Yuji Nishizaki,6 Toshiaki Shiojiri,7 Yasuharu Tokuda8 1Department of Medicine, Mito Kyodo General Hospital, University of Tsukuba, Mito City, Ibaraki, Japan; 2Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; 3Tokyo Joto Hospital, Koto-ku, Tokyo, 4Good Medicine Japan, Miyagi, 5Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanto Rosai Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 6Department of Cardiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 7Department of General Internal Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Chiba, 8Japan Community Healthcare Organization, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan Background: Both clinical workload and access to learning resource are important components of educational environment and may have effects on clinical knowledge of residents. Methods: We conducted a survey with a clinical knowledge evaluation involving postgraduate year (PGY)-1 and -2 resident physicians at teaching hospitals offering 2-year postgraduate training programs required for residents in Japan, using the General Medicine In-Training Examination (GM-ITE). An individual-level analysis was conducted to examine the impact of the number of assigned patients and emergency department (ED) duty on the residents' GM-ITE scores by fitting a multivariable generalized estimating equations. In hospital-level analysis, we evaluated the relationship between for the number of UpToDate reviews for each hospital and for the hospitals' mean GM-ITE score. Results: A total of 431 PGY-1 and 618 PGY-2 residents participated. Residents with four or five times per month of the ED duties exhibited the highest mean scores compared to those with greater or fewer ED duties. Those with largest number of inpatients in charge exhibited the highest mean scores compared to the residents with fewer inpatients in charge. Hospitals with the greater UpToDate topic viewing showed significantly greater mean score. Conclusion: Appropriate ED workload and inpatient caseload, as well as use of evidence-based electronic resources, were associated with greater clinical knowledge of residents. Keywords: workload, online resource, knowledge, resident, postgraduate, Japan
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