The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]

<strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: Physical activity has traditionally been treated as one of many strategies to improve an individual's quality of life. Until fairly recently, this presumption has been accepted as truth and little research has been done on proving or disproving the claim...

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Main Authors: Erik Sigmund, Michael Cocquyt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Palacky University 2011-03-01
Series:Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.gymnica.upol.cz/index.php/gymnica/article/view/228
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record_format Article
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language English
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sources DOAJ
author Erik Sigmund
Michael Cocquyt
spellingShingle Erik Sigmund
Michael Cocquyt
The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica
Self-perception
quality of life
disability
competition
wheelchair
athletes
author_facet Erik Sigmund
Michael Cocquyt
author_sort Erik Sigmund
title The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
title_short The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
title_full The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
title_fullStr The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
title_full_unstemmed The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
title_sort impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]
publisher Palacky University
series Acta Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica
issn 1212-1185
1213-8312
publishDate 2011-03-01
description <strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: Physical activity has traditionally been treated as one of many strategies to improve an individual's quality of life. Until fairly recently, this presumption has been accepted as truth and little research has been done on proving or disproving the claim. Now, there has been a larger focus on it and numerous studies have analyzed the contribution physical activity has on the individual's quality of life in all areas. <strong>OBJECTIVE</strong>: This study analyzes the current literature in the area of physical activity and sport as related to self-perception and the overall quality of life in individuals with physical disabilities. <strong>METHODS</strong>: Using the websites of the following literature databases: Pubmed, Sport Discus, Medline, APAQ archives, and European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity archives, articles from 1990–2009 were selected based on their focus on analyzing the relationship of self-perception and quality of life to physical activity and sport for individuals with physical disabilities. Using these mentioned search programs, 274 articles were found using the keywords for this article. Of these, 40 articles were chosen for being applicable to the topic and target population. Nine of these articles were then used in the direct results as others were used for anecdotal or background information, due to their lack of consistent terminology. Without consistent terminology it was not possible to use these anecdotal articles to make proper comparisons of results. These trends, from the remaining nine articles were then compared to studies with able-bodied populations. <strong>RESULTS</strong>: The authors found that, overall, there is a significant positive relationship between physical activity and sport programs on the one hand, and increased self-perception among individuals with physical disabilities on the other. This increase can be seen in the process of the comparison of the individual constructs of self-perception as well as of the differences in self-perception as a whole. Quality of life was also seen, in some studies, to be an additional reference for comparison. The inclusion of competition had no significant effect on these relationships of selfperception. However, individuals competing at an elite or world class level showed significantly higher self-perception than all other groups. When able-bodied studies were compared, similar trends were found in both overall difference in self-perception and differences seen between competition levels. <strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: Findings show that competition should be included in physical activity and sport programs, for individuals with physical disabilities, only if it results in an increase in positive experiences for the participants. Participation in physical activity and sport programs contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of individuals with physical disabilities.<br>[<strong>V&Yacute;CHODISKA</strong>: Zapojen&iacute; do pohybov&eacute; aktivity je jednou z tradičn&iacute;ch strategi&iacute; ke zlep&scaron;en&iacute; kvality lidsk&eacute;ho života. Aplikov&aacute;n&iacute; t&eacute;to strategie je již hodně publikačně doloženo. Proto bude př&iacute;spěvek pohybov&eacute; aktivity ke kvalitě života, sebevn&iacute;man&iacute; a sebehodnocen&iacute; obsahem předložen&eacute; pr&aacute;ce. <strong>C&Iacute;LE</strong>: C&iacute;lem studie bylo analyzovat současn&eacute; publikace hodnot&iacute;c&iacute; vliv &uacute;časti ve sportu a organizovan&eacute; pohybov&eacute; aktivitě na sebehodnocen&iacute; a kvalitu života jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. <strong>METODIKA</strong>: Liter&aacute;rn&iacute; zdroje byly vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;ny prostřednictv&iacute;m informačn&iacute;ch datab&aacute;z&iacute; Pubmed, Sport Discus, Medline, APAQ archives a European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity archives z let 1990&ndash;2009 a vyb&iacute;r&aacute;ny podle zaměřen&iacute; na anal&yacute;zu vztahů mezi sebehodnocen&iacute;m, kvalitou života a pohybovou aktivitou a sportem u jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. Vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; podle stanoven&yacute;ch kl&iacute;čov&yacute;ch slov odhalilo 274 čl&aacute;nků. Celkem 40 z nich obsahovalo &uacute;pln&eacute; a validn&iacute; informace k požadovan&eacute; anal&yacute;ze. Pro komparačn&iacute; anal&yacute;zu v&yacute;sledků bylo použito 9 z nich. Čl&aacute;nky byly rozděleny a diskutov&aacute;ny podle ověřovan&yacute;ch hypot&eacute;z. Při zji&scaron;ťov&aacute;n&iacute; trendů byly akceptov&aacute;ny a zviditelněny kulturn&iacute; odli&scaron;nosti. Zji&scaron;těn&eacute; trendy byly srovn&aacute;v&aacute;ny s v&yacute;sledky obdobně zaměřen&yacute;ch studi&iacute; u jedinců bez pohybov&yacute;ch omezen&iacute;. <strong>V&Yacute;SLEDKY</strong>: Např&iacute;č srovn&aacute;van&yacute;mi v&yacute;sledky diskutovan&yacute;ch čl&aacute;nků byl potvrzen pozitivn&iacute; vztah mezi pohybovou aktivitou, &uacute;čast&iacute; ve sportu a vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;m sebehodnocen&iacute;m. Zji&scaron;těny v&scaron;ak byly kulturn&iacute; odli&scaron;nosti v sebehodnocen&iacute; tělesně postižen&yacute;ch jedinců. V z&aacute;padn&iacute;ch zem&iacute;ch byl zji&scaron;těn v&yacute;razně pozitivn&iacute; vztah mezi pohybovou aktivitou, &uacute;čast&iacute; ve sportu a vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;m sebehodnocen&iacute;m jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. Av&scaron;ak ve v&yacute;chodn&iacute;ch zem&iacute;ch nen&iacute; tento vztah jednoznačně pozitivn&iacute;. Nejednoznačnost vztahu v prac&iacute;ch z "v&yacute;chodn&iacute;ch" zem&iacute; lze vysvětlit obecně niž&scaron;&iacute;m sebehodnocen&iacute;m jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m oproti vyspěl&yacute;m z&aacute;padn&iacute;m zem&iacute;m s vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; kulturn&iacute; diverzitou. Fenom&eacute;n soutěžen&iacute; a soupeřen&iacute; v pohybov&eacute; aktivitě a sportu nem&aacute; v&yacute;razn&yacute; vliv na sebehodnocen&iacute; jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. Pouze sportovci s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m na vrcholov&eacute; &uacute;rovni vykazuj&iacute; v&yacute;razně vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; sebehodnocen&iacute; než ostatn&iacute; skupiny stejně postižen&yacute;ch jedinců. Stejn&eacute; trendy byly zji&scaron;těny u jedinců bez tělesn&eacute;ho postižen&iacute; ve studi&iacute;ch z vyspěl&yacute;ch z&aacute;padn&iacute;ch zem&iacute;. <strong>Z&Aacute;VĚRY</strong>: Z v&yacute;sledků je patrn&eacute;, že pohybovou aktivitou a zapojen&iacute;m do sportovn&iacute;ch programů lze zv&yacute;&scaron;it sebehodnocen&iacute; jedinců se specifick&yacute;mi pohybov&yacute;mi potřebami a přispět k jejich vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; kvalitě života. Při tvorbě pohybov&yacute;ch programů pro jedince s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m je v&scaron;ak nutn&eacute; zohledňovat kulturn&iacute; specifika. V&yacute;sledky studi&iacute; potvrzuj&iacute; teorii &uacute;spě&scaron;nosti v životě sportovců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m a skutečnost, že pohybov&eacute; programy mohou propojit soutěžn&iacute; a dovednostn&iacute; &uacute;roveň jedinců.]
topic Self-perception
quality of life
disability
competition
wheelchair
athletes
url http://www.gymnica.upol.cz/index.php/gymnica/article/view/228
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spelling doaj-af3a7eadffa74d22bfc6f17257d09d582020-11-24T21:55:28ZengPalacky UniversityActa Universitatis Palackianae Olomucensis. Gymnica1212-11851213-83122011-03-014114350The impact of competition in physical activity and sport on the self-perception of individuals with physical disabilities [Vliv soutěžení při pohybové aktivitě a sportu na sebehodnocení jedinců s tělesným postižením]Erik SigmundMichael Cocquyt<strong>BACKGROUND</strong>: Physical activity has traditionally been treated as one of many strategies to improve an individual's quality of life. Until fairly recently, this presumption has been accepted as truth and little research has been done on proving or disproving the claim. Now, there has been a larger focus on it and numerous studies have analyzed the contribution physical activity has on the individual's quality of life in all areas. <strong>OBJECTIVE</strong>: This study analyzes the current literature in the area of physical activity and sport as related to self-perception and the overall quality of life in individuals with physical disabilities. <strong>METHODS</strong>: Using the websites of the following literature databases: Pubmed, Sport Discus, Medline, APAQ archives, and European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity archives, articles from 1990–2009 were selected based on their focus on analyzing the relationship of self-perception and quality of life to physical activity and sport for individuals with physical disabilities. Using these mentioned search programs, 274 articles were found using the keywords for this article. Of these, 40 articles were chosen for being applicable to the topic and target population. Nine of these articles were then used in the direct results as others were used for anecdotal or background information, due to their lack of consistent terminology. Without consistent terminology it was not possible to use these anecdotal articles to make proper comparisons of results. These trends, from the remaining nine articles were then compared to studies with able-bodied populations. <strong>RESULTS</strong>: The authors found that, overall, there is a significant positive relationship between physical activity and sport programs on the one hand, and increased self-perception among individuals with physical disabilities on the other. This increase can be seen in the process of the comparison of the individual constructs of self-perception as well as of the differences in self-perception as a whole. Quality of life was also seen, in some studies, to be an additional reference for comparison. The inclusion of competition had no significant effect on these relationships of selfperception. However, individuals competing at an elite or world class level showed significantly higher self-perception than all other groups. When able-bodied studies were compared, similar trends were found in both overall difference in self-perception and differences seen between competition levels. <strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong>: Findings show that competition should be included in physical activity and sport programs, for individuals with physical disabilities, only if it results in an increase in positive experiences for the participants. Participation in physical activity and sport programs contribute to an improvement in the quality of life of individuals with physical disabilities.<br>[<strong>V&Yacute;CHODISKA</strong>: Zapojen&iacute; do pohybov&eacute; aktivity je jednou z tradičn&iacute;ch strategi&iacute; ke zlep&scaron;en&iacute; kvality lidsk&eacute;ho života. Aplikov&aacute;n&iacute; t&eacute;to strategie je již hodně publikačně doloženo. Proto bude př&iacute;spěvek pohybov&eacute; aktivity ke kvalitě života, sebevn&iacute;man&iacute; a sebehodnocen&iacute; obsahem předložen&eacute; pr&aacute;ce. <strong>C&Iacute;LE</strong>: C&iacute;lem studie bylo analyzovat současn&eacute; publikace hodnot&iacute;c&iacute; vliv &uacute;časti ve sportu a organizovan&eacute; pohybov&eacute; aktivitě na sebehodnocen&iacute; a kvalitu života jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. <strong>METODIKA</strong>: Liter&aacute;rn&iacute; zdroje byly vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;ny prostřednictv&iacute;m informačn&iacute;ch datab&aacute;z&iacute; Pubmed, Sport Discus, Medline, APAQ archives a European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity archives z let 1990&ndash;2009 a vyb&iacute;r&aacute;ny podle zaměřen&iacute; na anal&yacute;zu vztahů mezi sebehodnocen&iacute;m, kvalitou života a pohybovou aktivitou a sportem u jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. Vyhled&aacute;v&aacute;n&iacute; podle stanoven&yacute;ch kl&iacute;čov&yacute;ch slov odhalilo 274 čl&aacute;nků. Celkem 40 z nich obsahovalo &uacute;pln&eacute; a validn&iacute; informace k požadovan&eacute; anal&yacute;ze. Pro komparačn&iacute; anal&yacute;zu v&yacute;sledků bylo použito 9 z nich. Čl&aacute;nky byly rozděleny a diskutov&aacute;ny podle ověřovan&yacute;ch hypot&eacute;z. Při zji&scaron;ťov&aacute;n&iacute; trendů byly akceptov&aacute;ny a zviditelněny kulturn&iacute; odli&scaron;nosti. Zji&scaron;těn&eacute; trendy byly srovn&aacute;v&aacute;ny s v&yacute;sledky obdobně zaměřen&yacute;ch studi&iacute; u jedinců bez pohybov&yacute;ch omezen&iacute;. <strong>V&Yacute;SLEDKY</strong>: Např&iacute;č srovn&aacute;van&yacute;mi v&yacute;sledky diskutovan&yacute;ch čl&aacute;nků byl potvrzen pozitivn&iacute; vztah mezi pohybovou aktivitou, &uacute;čast&iacute; ve sportu a vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;m sebehodnocen&iacute;m. Zji&scaron;těny v&scaron;ak byly kulturn&iacute; odli&scaron;nosti v sebehodnocen&iacute; tělesně postižen&yacute;ch jedinců. V z&aacute;padn&iacute;ch zem&iacute;ch byl zji&scaron;těn v&yacute;razně pozitivn&iacute; vztah mezi pohybovou aktivitou, &uacute;čast&iacute; ve sportu a vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute;m sebehodnocen&iacute;m jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. Av&scaron;ak ve v&yacute;chodn&iacute;ch zem&iacute;ch nen&iacute; tento vztah jednoznačně pozitivn&iacute;. Nejednoznačnost vztahu v prac&iacute;ch z "v&yacute;chodn&iacute;ch" zem&iacute; lze vysvětlit obecně niž&scaron;&iacute;m sebehodnocen&iacute;m jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m oproti vyspěl&yacute;m z&aacute;padn&iacute;m zem&iacute;m s vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; kulturn&iacute; diverzitou. Fenom&eacute;n soutěžen&iacute; a soupeřen&iacute; v pohybov&eacute; aktivitě a sportu nem&aacute; v&yacute;razn&yacute; vliv na sebehodnocen&iacute; jedinců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m. Pouze sportovci s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m na vrcholov&eacute; &uacute;rovni vykazuj&iacute; v&yacute;razně vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; sebehodnocen&iacute; než ostatn&iacute; skupiny stejně postižen&yacute;ch jedinců. Stejn&eacute; trendy byly zji&scaron;těny u jedinců bez tělesn&eacute;ho postižen&iacute; ve studi&iacute;ch z vyspěl&yacute;ch z&aacute;padn&iacute;ch zem&iacute;. <strong>Z&Aacute;VĚRY</strong>: Z v&yacute;sledků je patrn&eacute;, že pohybovou aktivitou a zapojen&iacute;m do sportovn&iacute;ch programů lze zv&yacute;&scaron;it sebehodnocen&iacute; jedinců se specifick&yacute;mi pohybov&yacute;mi potřebami a přispět k jejich vy&scaron;&scaron;&iacute; kvalitě života. Při tvorbě pohybov&yacute;ch programů pro jedince s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m je v&scaron;ak nutn&eacute; zohledňovat kulturn&iacute; specifika. V&yacute;sledky studi&iacute; potvrzuj&iacute; teorii &uacute;spě&scaron;nosti v životě sportovců s tělesn&yacute;m postižen&iacute;m a skutečnost, že pohybov&eacute; programy mohou propojit soutěžn&iacute; a dovednostn&iacute; &uacute;roveň jedinců.]http://www.gymnica.upol.cz/index.php/gymnica/article/view/228Self-perceptionquality of lifedisabilitycompetitionwheelchairathletes