Efecto del manitol y el nitrato de plata en la conservación in vitro de la malanga (Xanthosoma spp.)

• Main Authors: Aymé Rayas Cabrera, Manuel Cabrera Jova, Arletys Santos Pino, Milagros Basail Pérez, Jorge López Torres, Víctor Reinaldo Medero Vega
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2013-06-01
• Series: Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología
• Subjects: Crecimiento mínimo, conservación de recursos genéticos
• Online Access: http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/28620

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables /> <w:SnapToGridInCell /> <w:WrapTextWithPunct /> <w:UseAsianBreakRules /> <w:DontGrowAutofit /> </w:Compatibility> <w:BrowserLevel>MicrosoftInternetExplorer4</w:BrowserLevel> </w:WordDocument> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="156"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <mce:style><! /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} --> <!--[endif] --> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-US;" lang="EN-US">Título en ingles: </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">Mannitol and silver nitrate effect of taro (<em>Xanthosoma</em> spp.) <em>in vitro</em> conservation</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;" lang="ES-CO">Título  corto: </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;" lang="ES-TRAD">Efecto del manitol y el nitrato de plata en la conservación <em>in vitro</em></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: ES-CO;" lang="ES-CO"></span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;" lang="ES-TRAD">Resumen</span></strong></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;" lang="ES-TRAD">El mantenimiento en campo de los Bancos de Germoplasma resulta muy costoso, además de los riesgos a que se exponen. El cultivo de tejidos constituye una solución a estos problemas siendo conveniente utilizar una combinación de técnicas de almacenamiento en los cultivos de propagación vegetativa para no depender de una sola.  El cultivo <em>in vitro</em> ofrece nuevas alternativas para el mejoramiento de la productividad y la producción de material de siembra sano en malanga (<em>Xanthosoma </em> spp.).  La presente investigación se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de Cultivo de Tejidos del Instituto de Investigaciones de Viandas Tropicales (INIVIT), Cuba, con el objetivo de estudiar las condiciones para la conservación en crecimiento mínimo <em>in vitro</em> de germoplasma de esta especie.  Como material vegetal se utilizó el clon de Malanga <em>Xanthosoma</em> ‘INIVIT MX–2008’.  El establecimiento del material vegetal y su posterior multiplicación fueron realizadas según la metodología recomendada por García <em>et al.</em> (1999)<span style="color: #231f20;">.  </span>Para la conservación en medio de cultivo de crecimiento mínimo se utilizó el medio basal MS y se estudiaron 15 tratamientos que combinaron concentraciones de Manitol (regulador osmótico) (1,5; 3 y 4%) y Nitrato de plata (inhibidor de la acción etileno) (0, 2, 4, 8, 10 mg.L^-1). Se concluye que es posible conservar <em>in vitro</em> los recursos genéticos de malanga Xanthosoma durante más de 10 meses, en un medio de cultivo compuesto por sales y vitaminas MS  suplementado con 4% de manitol y 4 mg.L^-1 de Nitrato de plata.  Las plantas propagadas a partir de este medio de cultivo se recuperaron exitosamente. La mayor concentración de manitol en el medio de cultivo pudo haber influido en la mejor recuperación del material conservado.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto;"><strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;" lang="ES-TRAD">Palabras clave</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;" lang="ES-TRAD">: Crecimiento mínimo, conservación de recursos genéticos.</span><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: ES;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto;"><span class="longtext"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" lang="EN-GB">Abstract </span></strong></span><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" lang="EN-GB"><br /> </span></strong><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" lang="EN-GB">Maintenance field genebanks are costly, in addition to the risks they face; to that effect on tissue culture is a solution to these problems. In vegetative propagated crops is desirable to use a combination of storage technology rather than relying on just one. In vitro culture provides an alternative for improving productivity and production of healthy planting material of taro (<em>Xanthosoma</em> spp.). This research was conducted in the Tissue Culture Laboratory of the Research Institute of Tropical Crops. Our objective was study the conditions for minimal growth conservation <em>in vitro</em> germplasm in this species. As plant material was used clone of Taro Xanthosoma 'INIVIT MX-2008'. The establishment of the plant material and its subsequent multiplication were carried out according to the methodology recommended by García <em>et al.</em> </span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">(1999). <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">For the maintenance in culture of minimal growth basal medium </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" lang="EN-GB">MS <span class="longtext">was used and studied 15 treatments with combined concentrations of mannitol (osmotic regulator) (1.5, 3 and 4%) and silver nitrate (Ethylene inhibitor) (0, 2, 4, 8, 10 mg.L^-1). It concludes that it is possible to conserve taro Xanthosoma genetic resources <em>in vitro</em>, for over 10 months in a culture medium composed of MS salts and vitamins and supplemented with 4% mannitol and 4 mg.L^-1 of silver nitrate</span></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: ";Calibri";,";sans-serif";; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;" lang="EN-GB">. <span style="background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">Plants propagated from this culture medium were recovered successfully. The presence of higher concentrations of mannitol, may have influenced that increases survival of preserved material. </span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; mso-layout-grid-align: auto; punctuation-wrap: hanging; text-autospace: ideograph-numeric ideograph-other; mso-vertical-align-alt: auto;"><span class="longtext"><strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" lang="EN-GB">Keys words</span></strong></span><span class="longtext"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" lang="EN-GB">: minimal growth, genetic resources conservation. </span></span></p>