Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.

Macrophages as immune cells prevent the spreading of pathogens by means of active phagocytosis and killing. We report here the presence of an anti-microbial protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in human macrophages, which actively participates in engulfment and killing of Gram...

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Main Authors: Arjun Balakrishnan, Markus Schnare, Dipshikha Chakravortty
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2016-10-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00455/full
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spelling doaj-aeb11072c3f54a6d85d969535b95c8772020-11-25T00:10:45ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242016-10-01710.3389/fimmu.2016.00455225963Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.Arjun Balakrishnan0Markus Schnare1Dipshikha Chakravortty2Indian Institute of ScienceUniversity of MarburgIndian Institute of ScienceMacrophages as immune cells prevent the spreading of pathogens by means of active phagocytosis and killing. We report here the presence of an anti-microbial protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in human macrophages, which actively participates in engulfment and killing of Gram-negative pathogens. Our studies revealed increased expression of BPI in human macrophages during bacterial infection and upon stimulation with various PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns) viz., LPS, flagellin. Further, during the course of an infection, BPI interacted with Gram- negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced phagocytosis and subsequent control of the bacterial replication. However, it was observed that bacteria which can maintain an active replicating niche (Salmonella Typhimurium) avoid the interaction with BPI during later stages of infection. On the other hand, Salmonella mutants, which cannot maintain a replicating niche, as well as Shigella flexneri, which quit the endosomal vesicle, showed interaction with BPI. These results propose an active role of BPI in Gram-negative bacterial clearance by human macrophages.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00455/fullGram-Negative Bacteriainnate immunityphagocytic receptorMacrophage evolutionBacterial nicheAnti-microbial protein.
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Arjun Balakrishnan
Markus Schnare
Dipshikha Chakravortty
spellingShingle Arjun Balakrishnan
Markus Schnare
Dipshikha Chakravortty
Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.
Frontiers in Immunology
Gram-Negative Bacteria
innate immunity
phagocytic receptor
Macrophage evolution
Bacterial niche
Anti-microbial protein.
author_facet Arjun Balakrishnan
Markus Schnare
Dipshikha Chakravortty
author_sort Arjun Balakrishnan
title Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.
title_short Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.
title_full Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.
title_fullStr Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.
title_full_unstemmed Of men not mice: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of Gram-negative bacteria.
title_sort of men not mice: bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (bpi) expressed in human macrophages acts as a phagocytic receptor and modulates entry and replication of gram-negative bacteria.
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Immunology
issn 1664-3224
publishDate 2016-10-01
description Macrophages as immune cells prevent the spreading of pathogens by means of active phagocytosis and killing. We report here the presence of an anti-microbial protein, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) in human macrophages, which actively participates in engulfment and killing of Gram-negative pathogens. Our studies revealed increased expression of BPI in human macrophages during bacterial infection and upon stimulation with various PAMPs (Pathogen-associated molecular patterns) viz., LPS, flagellin. Further, during the course of an infection, BPI interacted with Gram- negative bacteria, resulting in enhanced phagocytosis and subsequent control of the bacterial replication. However, it was observed that bacteria which can maintain an active replicating niche (Salmonella Typhimurium) avoid the interaction with BPI during later stages of infection. On the other hand, Salmonella mutants, which cannot maintain a replicating niche, as well as Shigella flexneri, which quit the endosomal vesicle, showed interaction with BPI. These results propose an active role of BPI in Gram-negative bacterial clearance by human macrophages.
topic Gram-Negative Bacteria
innate immunity
phagocytic receptor
Macrophage evolution
Bacterial niche
Anti-microbial protein.
url http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2016.00455/full
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