Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic antigen-mediated disease characterized by esophageal symptoms, esophageal eosinophilia, and the absence of response to proton pump inhibitors. It is the most frequent cause of dysphagia and food impaction in adults. Its incidence and prevalence is very high in t...
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Elsevier
2017-10-01
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Series: | Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) |
Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255534X1730066X |
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Article |
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DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
D. GarcÃa-Compeán J.A. González-González E.I. González-Moreno H.J. Maldonado-Garza |
spellingShingle |
D. GarcÃa-Compeán J.A. González-González E.I. González-Moreno H.J. Maldonado-Garza Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) |
author_facet |
D. GarcÃa-Compeán J.A. González-González E.I. González-Moreno H.J. Maldonado-Garza |
author_sort |
D. GarcÃa-Compeán |
title |
Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications |
title_short |
Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications |
title_full |
Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications |
title_fullStr |
Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications |
title_full_unstemmed |
Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications |
title_sort |
eosinophilic esophagitis. the north against the south? a bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implications |
publisher |
Elsevier |
series |
Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) |
issn |
2255-534X |
publishDate |
2017-10-01 |
description |
Eosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic antigen-mediated disease characterized by esophageal symptoms, esophageal eosinophilia, and the absence of response to proton pump inhibitors. It is the most frequent cause of dysphagia and food impaction in adults. Its incidence and prevalence is very high in the developed countries (USA, Europe, Australia), where its connotation is that of an emerging epidemic. While studies have been published with large case series in the developed countries, those published in Latin America are small or consist of isolated case reports. The differences in the prevalence of the disease between the developed and developing regions are unknown. Genetic or racial causes have been cited. Nevertheless, the epidemic nature of the disease suggests that environmental causes are the most powerful.Based on the published hypotheses, as well as on epidemiologic studies, the present review discusses some of the possible causes of the disparity in the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis between the two types of countries. The âhygiene hypothesisâ is reviewed, together with the possible relation of Helicobacter pylori, intestinal parasites, and modifications of the esophageal microbiota in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. In reference to studies conducted in the United States, the clinical behavior and progression of eosinophilic esophagitis in Hispanics is reviewed and a possible predominant phenotype in Mexican and other Latin American patients is discussed. Finally, based on the above, an algorithm for studying the disease in the Latin American countries is proposed. Resumen: La esofagitis eosinofÃlica (EEo) es una enfermedad crónica mediada por alérgenos, caracterizada por sÃntomas esofágicos, eosinofilia esofágica y ausencia de respuesta favorable a inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP). En los adultos es la causa más frecuente de disfagia e impactación alimentaria. Su incidencia y prevalencia son muy altas en los paÃses desarrollados (EUA, Europa y Australia), en donde ha alcanzado una connotación de epidemia. Mientras que en los paÃses desarrollados se publican estudios con grandes series de pacientes, en nuestro subcontinente se reporta en series con pocos casos o en casos aislados. Las causas de las diferencias de la prevalencia de la enfermedad entre ambas regiones se desconocen. Se han invocado causas genéticas o raciales. No obstante, el carácter epidémico de la enfermedad sugiere que las causas ambientales son más poderosas.Con base en hipótesis publicadas, asà como en los estudios epidemiológicos, en la presente revisión se discutirán algunas de las posibles causas de la disparidad de prevalencia de la EEo entre ambos tipos de paÃses. Se revisará la «hipótesis de la higiene», asà como la posible relación del Helicobacter pylori, los parásitos intestinales y las modificaciones de la microbiota esofágica con la EEo. Con base en estudios realizados en EUA, se revisará el comportamiento clÃnico y evolutivo de la EEo en individuos hispanos y se discutirá acerca de un posible fenotipo predominante en los pacientes de América Latina y México. Finalmente, sobre la base anterior, se propondrá un algoritmo de estudio de la enfermedad en nuestros paÃses. Keywords: Eosinophilic esophagitis, Prevalence, Esophageal eosinophilia, Helicobacter pylori, Palabras clave: Esofagitis eosinofÃlica, Prevalencia, Eosinofilia esofágica, Helicobacter pylori |
url |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255534X1730066X |
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AT dgarcaacompean eosinophilicesophagitisthenorthagainstthesouthabioeconomicsocialmechanisticapproachandclinicalimplications AT jagonzalezgonzalez eosinophilicesophagitisthenorthagainstthesouthabioeconomicsocialmechanisticapproachandclinicalimplications AT eigonzalezmoreno eosinophilicesophagitisthenorthagainstthesouthabioeconomicsocialmechanisticapproachandclinicalimplications AT hjmaldonadogarza eosinophilicesophagitisthenorthagainstthesouthabioeconomicsocialmechanisticapproachandclinicalimplications |
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doaj-ad094a2f11a847289031b06e3796bc482020-11-24T22:44:07ZengElsevierRevista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition)2255-534X2017-10-01824328336Eosinophilic esophagitis. The North against the South? A bio-economic-social mechanistic approach and clinical implicationsD. GarcÃa-Compeán0J.A. González-González1E.I. González-Moreno2H.J. Maldonado-Garza3Corresponding author. Servicio de GastroenterologÃa, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, Mexico. Tel.: +52-81-83487315; Fax: +52 81 89891381.; Servicio de GastroenterologÃa, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, MexicoServicio de GastroenterologÃa, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, MexicoServicio de GastroenterologÃa, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, MexicoServicio de GastroenterologÃa, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, MexicoEosinophilic esophagitis is a chronic antigen-mediated disease characterized by esophageal symptoms, esophageal eosinophilia, and the absence of response to proton pump inhibitors. It is the most frequent cause of dysphagia and food impaction in adults. Its incidence and prevalence is very high in the developed countries (USA, Europe, Australia), where its connotation is that of an emerging epidemic. While studies have been published with large case series in the developed countries, those published in Latin America are small or consist of isolated case reports. The differences in the prevalence of the disease between the developed and developing regions are unknown. Genetic or racial causes have been cited. Nevertheless, the epidemic nature of the disease suggests that environmental causes are the most powerful.Based on the published hypotheses, as well as on epidemiologic studies, the present review discusses some of the possible causes of the disparity in the prevalence of eosinophilic esophagitis between the two types of countries. The âhygiene hypothesisâ is reviewed, together with the possible relation of Helicobacter pylori, intestinal parasites, and modifications of the esophageal microbiota in patients with eosinophilic esophagitis. In reference to studies conducted in the United States, the clinical behavior and progression of eosinophilic esophagitis in Hispanics is reviewed and a possible predominant phenotype in Mexican and other Latin American patients is discussed. Finally, based on the above, an algorithm for studying the disease in the Latin American countries is proposed. Resumen: La esofagitis eosinofÃlica (EEo) es una enfermedad crónica mediada por alérgenos, caracterizada por sÃntomas esofágicos, eosinofilia esofágica y ausencia de respuesta favorable a inhibidores de la bomba de protones (IBP). En los adultos es la causa más frecuente de disfagia e impactación alimentaria. Su incidencia y prevalencia son muy altas en los paÃses desarrollados (EUA, Europa y Australia), en donde ha alcanzado una connotación de epidemia. Mientras que en los paÃses desarrollados se publican estudios con grandes series de pacientes, en nuestro subcontinente se reporta en series con pocos casos o en casos aislados. Las causas de las diferencias de la prevalencia de la enfermedad entre ambas regiones se desconocen. Se han invocado causas genéticas o raciales. No obstante, el carácter epidémico de la enfermedad sugiere que las causas ambientales son más poderosas.Con base en hipótesis publicadas, asà como en los estudios epidemiológicos, en la presente revisión se discutirán algunas de las posibles causas de la disparidad de prevalencia de la EEo entre ambos tipos de paÃses. Se revisará la «hipótesis de la higiene», asà como la posible relación del Helicobacter pylori, los parásitos intestinales y las modificaciones de la microbiota esofágica con la EEo. Con base en estudios realizados en EUA, se revisará el comportamiento clÃnico y evolutivo de la EEo en individuos hispanos y se discutirá acerca de un posible fenotipo predominante en los pacientes de América Latina y México. Finalmente, sobre la base anterior, se propondrá un algoritmo de estudio de la enfermedad en nuestros paÃses. Keywords: Eosinophilic esophagitis, Prevalence, Esophageal eosinophilia, Helicobacter pylori, Palabras clave: Esofagitis eosinofÃlica, Prevalencia, Eosinofilia esofágica, Helicobacter pylorihttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255534X1730066X |