THE HORSE-STEALING AS A SOCIAL PHENOMENON BY THE EXAMPLE OF BASHKIRIA: EXPERIENCE OF HISTORY IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERNITY

• Main Author: Farida Gabdulchaevna Galieva
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Science and Innovation Center Publishing House 2017-11-01
• Series: Sovremennye Issledovaniâ Socialʹnyh Problem
• Subjects: конокрадство; Башкирия; Уфимская губерния; башкиры; русские; цыгане; судебные дела
• Online Access: http://journal-s.org/index.php/mrsp/article/view/10264

The purpose of the article is studying, by the example of Bashkiria, horse-stealing as social phenomenon that has a centuries-old history and is relevant in our days. The work has been prepared on the published historical and ethnographic works, documents of the National Archives of the Republic Bashkortostan, local press of past centuries, folklore, Internet sites and field materials of the author. Methodology. The basic of research is the comparative historical and problem-chronological methods. Results. It is shown that the thieves predecessors studies are characterized as criminals who cause irreparable damage to farms. Speaks thesis that in Bashkortostan related to horse thieves in different periods differed. In a developed cattle breeding horse thieves single admired due to the presence of talent to work on the animal, its ability to silently take away (the loss of a horse does not lead to the ruin of the economy). Horse stealing was developed in connection with the custom of nomadic barymta (seizure of cattle as a way to avenge the insult, or compensation for damages). After removal of the Bashkir land for factories, villages and farming settlers, the translation of the policy of settlement and Bashkirs to agriculture, pasture and a sharp decrease as a result of reducing the number of livestock, cattle-lifter Bashkirs also severely punished, as in the Russian and other peoples. This is evidenced by numerous court cases materials. Over time, horse stealing was just a way of gain. The main motive of modern criminals is to steal horses (including pure-bred) with the further implementation of horse meat, sometimes for ransom (through placement on websites). “Epidemic” horse stealing in recent years in Bashkiria and other regions due to the presence of this natural landscape (forest steppe) and socio-economic conditions (natural market, semi-underground cafes, high meat prices, the development of farms, promotion of the horse “halal” products), as well as unemployment and falling morale. Horse-thieves are organized groups with a clear division of responsibilities, wider debugged interregional relations, use modern technologies. Practical implications – in the educational process and in research work.