Sip feeding as a type of nutritional and metabolic support in clinical medicine

• Main Authors: Aleksandr E. Shestopalov, Aleksandr V. Dmitriev
• Format: Article
• Language: Russian
• Published: IP Habib O.N. 2020-05-01
• Series: Современная онкология
• Subjects: sip feeding; oral enteral nutrition; nutritional status; nutritional deficiency; nutritional and metabolic support; oncology; femoral neck fracture; cardiovascular diseases; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• Online Access: https://modernonco.orscience.ru/1815-1434/article/viewFile/34008/21718

The article provides an analytical review of the use of oral enteral nutrition (OEN, or sip feeding) as an adjuvant therapy and nutritional and metabolic support in various diseases and pathological conditions. Liquid and powdery sip feeds are currently becoming increasingly widespread due to their physiological nature and effectiveness in maintaining a nutritional status and eliminating nutritional deficiency in patients from different fields of medicine: oncology, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and others. These sip mixtures contain proteins, fats, carbohydrates (macronutrients), omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals. Sip feeding is a supplement to a regular diet and is given between meals. The most prevalent sip feeding scheme is taking liquid forms of sip feeds in volumes of 200300 ml 23 times a day. Regimes which combine a regular diet and OEN should provide target indicators of energy and protein consumption: 2530 kcal/kg per day and 1.41.8 g of protein per 1 kg of body weight per day. In extremely severe cases, protein intake may be increased. Calorie ratio for individual nutrients in total energy consumption: proteins/fats/carbohydrates 20/30/50%. Sip feeding improves clinical and financial outcomes in inpatient and outpatient practice: shortens the time of staying in the clinic; reduces the number of infectious and non-infectious complications, the rate of repeated hospitalizations; treatment costs; improves the quality of life. OEN is recommended by the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism guidelines and by many national guidelines on enteral nutritional support.