| Summary: | Screening for various types of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that form the biological agent γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is important to produce different kinds of GABA-containing fermented foods. So far, no GABA-producing LAB have been reported from Cambodian fermented foods. Most small-scale fermentations and even some industrial processes in this country still rely on indigenous LAB. The application of GABA-producing autochthonous starters would allow the production of Cambodian fermented foods with an additional nutritional value that meet the population’s dietary habits and that are also more attractive for the international food market. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionizing time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and partial 16S rDNA sequencing were used to identify 68 LAB isolates from Cambodian fermented foods. These isolates were classified and grouped with (GTG)<sub>5</sub> rep-PCR, resulting in 50 strains. Subsequently, all strains were investigated for their ability to produce GABA by thin layer chromatography. GABA-positive strains were further analyzed by the GABase assay. Of the six GABA-positive LAB strains—one <i>Lactobacillus futsaii</i>, two <i>Lactobacillus namurensis</i>, and three <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> strains—two <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> strains produced high amounts of GABA (20.34 mM, 16.47 mM). These strains should be further investigated for their potential application as GABA-producing starter cultures in the food applications.
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