The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study

Background: Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect caused by many proteins. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-1 are proteins which regulate proliferation and apoptosis role during intrauterine peri...

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Main Authors: Herman Yosef Limpat Wihastyoko, Erdo Puncak Sidarta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute 2021-07-01
Series:MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)
Online Access:https://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/195
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spelling doaj-ab602938858243ab9bb9a87ff464ea1c2021-07-06T00:42:03ZengCell and BioPharmaceutical InstituteMCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)2527-43842527-34422021-07-015282710.21705/mcbs.v5i2.19572The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational StudyHerman Yosef Limpat Wihastyoko0Erdo Puncak Sidarta1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas of Brawijaya/Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, MalangFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, MalangBackground: Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect caused by many proteins. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-1 are proteins which regulate proliferation and apoptosis role during intrauterine period. This study aimed to observe the expression of these proteins in cleft affected tissue of the lip. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study by examining the TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 immunohistochemical expression of cleft affected tissue of the lip was conducted. Subjects were patients that were participating for the social event held by Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Univesitas Brawijaya, on December 3-12, 2012 in Nusa Tenggara Timur. Excess lip mucosa (waste tissue) during the operation were stored in 10% formalin then stained by immunohistochemistry for TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1. We counted the average protein expression under the light microscope with 1000x magnification for 20 different fields of view, randomly. Results: Paraffin blocks from 30 subjects were selected. The mean p38 MAPK expression was found to be highest, with the average of 8 per field of view; followed by the mean TGF-β1 expression, with the average of 5 per field of view; and the mean ERK-1 expression was found to be the lowest, with the average of 2 per field of view. Conclusion: Expression of p38 MAPK and TGF-β1 are higher than ERK-1, suggesting that p38 MAPK is in the same signalling pathway as TGF-β1, while ERK-1 is lower, as its role as anti-apoptotic. This is consistent with several previous studies showing that all proteins took part in the development of cleft lip or craniofacial development. Further study needs to be conducted to determine which protein plays the bigger role. Keywords: cleft lip, TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, ERK-1https://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/195
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Herman Yosef Limpat Wihastyoko
Erdo Puncak Sidarta
spellingShingle Herman Yosef Limpat Wihastyoko
Erdo Puncak Sidarta
The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study
MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)
author_facet Herman Yosef Limpat Wihastyoko
Erdo Puncak Sidarta
author_sort Herman Yosef Limpat Wihastyoko
title The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study
title_short The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study
title_full The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study
title_fullStr The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study
title_full_unstemmed The Expression of TGF-b1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 Protein in Cleft Affected Tissue of the Lip: An Observational Study
title_sort expression of tgf-b1, p38 mapk, and erk-1 protein in cleft affected tissue of the lip: an observational study
publisher Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute
series MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)
issn 2527-4384
2527-3442
publishDate 2021-07-01
description Background: Cleft lip is a congenital birth defect caused by many proteins. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)-1 are proteins which regulate proliferation and apoptosis role during intrauterine period. This study aimed to observe the expression of these proteins in cleft affected tissue of the lip. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study by examining the TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1 immunohistochemical expression of cleft affected tissue of the lip was conducted. Subjects were patients that were participating for the social event held by Plastic Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Univesitas Brawijaya, on December 3-12, 2012 in Nusa Tenggara Timur. Excess lip mucosa (waste tissue) during the operation were stored in 10% formalin then stained by immunohistochemistry for TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, and ERK-1. We counted the average protein expression under the light microscope with 1000x magnification for 20 different fields of view, randomly. Results: Paraffin blocks from 30 subjects were selected. The mean p38 MAPK expression was found to be highest, with the average of 8 per field of view; followed by the mean TGF-β1 expression, with the average of 5 per field of view; and the mean ERK-1 expression was found to be the lowest, with the average of 2 per field of view. Conclusion: Expression of p38 MAPK and TGF-β1 are higher than ERK-1, suggesting that p38 MAPK is in the same signalling pathway as TGF-β1, while ERK-1 is lower, as its role as anti-apoptotic. This is consistent with several previous studies showing that all proteins took part in the development of cleft lip or craniofacial development. Further study needs to be conducted to determine which protein plays the bigger role. Keywords: cleft lip, TGF-β1, p38 MAPK, ERK-1
url https://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/195
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