The feasibility of using UML to compare the impact of different brands of computer system on the clinical consultation

• Main Authors: Pushpa Kumarapeli, Simon de Lusignan, Phil Koczan, Beryl Jones, Ian Sheeler
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: BCS, The Chartered Institute for IT 2008-01-01
• Series: Journal of Innovation in Health Informatics
• Subjects: attitude to computer; decision modelling; family practice; general practice; observation; process assessment; professional_patient relations; video recordings
• Online Access: https://hijournal.bcs.org/index.php/jhi/article/view/665

Background UK general practice is universally computerised, with computers used in the consulting room at the point of care. Practices use a range of different brands of computer system, which have developed organically to meet the needs of general practitioners and health service managers. Unified Modelling Language (UML) is a standard modelling and specification notation widely used in software engineering. Objective To examine the feasibility of UML notation to compare the impact of different brands of general practice computer system on the clinical consultation. Method Multi-channel video recordings of simulated consultation sessions were recorded on three different clinical computer systems in common use (EMIS, iSOFT Synergy and IPS Vision). User action recorder software recorded time logs of keyboard and mouse use, and pattern recognition software captured non-verbal communication. The outputs of these were used to create UML class and sequence diagrams for each consultation. We compared 'definition of the presenting problem' and 'prescribing', as these tasks were present in all the consultations analysed. Results Class diagrams identified the entities involved in the clinical consultation. Sequence diagrams identified common elements of the consultation (such as prescribing) and enabled comparisons to be made between the different brands of computer system. The clinician and computer system interaction varied greatly between the different brands. Conclusions UML sequence diagrams are useful in identifying common tasks in the clinical consultation, and for contrasting the impact of the different brands of computer system on the clinical consultation. Further research is needed to see if patterns demonstrated in this pilot study are consistently displayed.