| Summary: | Sex hormones, regulating normal physiological processes of most tissues and organs, are considered to be one of the key factors in the development of hormone-dependent cancer and formation of the hormone-resistant tumor phenotype. Recently, the importance of the system for control of hormone receptors expression mediated by nuclear peptides became evident. This system is involved in the regulation of normal physiological processes, in the pathogenesis of many diseases as well as oncogenesis. In the review, we discuss the relationships of the two regulatory peptides – Brn-3α, TRIM16 with hormone receptors. The transcription factor Brn-3α is able to affect the transcription activity of androgen and estrogen receptors. It is observed the participation of TRIM16 protein in the pathogenesis of hormone-dependent tumors due to its ''anti-estrogenic effect''. Additionally, they are involved in the key intracellular processes, such as proliferation, cell differentiation, and programmed death - apoptosis. Thus, Brn-3α and TRIM16 are associated with cancer development and progression. By understanding these alterations, we can identify potential markers and novel biochemical therapeutic targets. It makes clear the association between classical hormone-dependent tumors and less sensitive ones with the modification in the level of hormone receptors.
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