PHENOMENOLOGICAL MARKING AND TOPOGRAPHY OF THE CATEGORY «NOTHINGNESS» IN THE FUNDAMENTAL ONTOLOGY OF M. HEIDEGGER

• Main Author: Ігор Пронін
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Odessa I. I. Mechnykov National University 2017-06-01
• Series: Докса
• Subjects: ніщо; буття; dasein; інтенціональна свідомость; неґація
• Online Access: http://doksa.onu.edu.ua/article/view/143727

The content of the article is the analysis of the phenomenon of «Nothingness» and its semantic facets, as well as the topography of the ontological category «Nothingness» in the phenomenological marking of M. Heidegger. Attention is focused on the fact that emptiness, non-being (namely «Nothingness»), permanently present in human and it is a basic and the only reality for him, the initial abyss from which he gets out his being and where a person comprehends its own modus of existence («destruction» of being as an activity of consciousness) through the justification of reality in its mutual conversion itself to «Nothingness». «Nothingness» is considered as an element of cognitive situation: in order to see the world as a whole, it is necessary to withdraw from it in «Nothingness», which is connected with fundamental towards reality notions of «being» and «the meaning of life». It is noted that freedom is only in the choice of means and methods of filling of the existing and available «Nothingness», to get rid of which nobody can. Human being means involvement in «Nothingness». «Nothingness» is a condition for the possibility of revealing every being as such for human existence. «Nothingness» in being of the essence has an «agent» or, if you like, a substitute – a person, or more precisely, his consciousness. Primarily because human existence is historical (in contrast to being of the essence), its dimension is constituted by temporality, and the person knows about this temporality, understands it with the help of the presence of his consciousness. The ability of man, or rather of human consciousness, to touch «Nothingness» – is an objectivizing comprehension, an intentional fact, because «Nothingness» is impossible to express - it can only direct its consciousness to it intentionally. The phenomenon of «Nothinggness» as a denial of the aspect of certainty, essence – is both a denial of being. As a pure objection, «Nothingness» is retained only in the language. Everything that exists has a certainty, and therefore «Nothingness» does not exists, but we are able to treat any certainty by the objection and hold that position in our consciousness, which allows us to look at things in a similar way. That is, consciousness passes from the dimension of being and existence, to the dimension of nonexistence and non-being, negation, the absence of existence – there is a peculiar transformation of consciousness, in which the obviousness and strictness of the existence of such phenomenon as «Nothingness» does not cause any doubts.