Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050

<p>Predicting future air quality in Australian cities dominated by eucalypt emissions requires an understanding of their emission potentials in a warmer climate. Here we measure the temperature response in isoprene emissions from saplings of four different <i>Eucalyptus</i> species...

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Main Authors:	K. M. Emmerson, M. Possell, M. J. Aspinwall, S. Pfautsch, M. G. Tjoelker
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Copernicus Publications 2020-05-01
Series:	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Online Access:	https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/6193/2020/acp-20-6193-2020.pdf

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spelling	doaj-a9c1993454cb488eb0a4a51614e8139a2020-11-25T03:36:43ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242020-05-01206193620610.5194/acp-20-6193-2020Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050K. M. Emmerson0M. Possell1M. J. Aspinwall2M. J. Aspinwall3S. Pfautsch4M. G. Tjoelker5Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, VIC 3195 AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, AustraliaDepartment of Biology, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida 32224, USAHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, AustraliaHawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia<p>Predicting future air quality in Australian cities dominated by eucalypt emissions requires an understanding of their emission potentials in a warmer climate. Here we measure the temperature response in isoprene emissions from saplings of four different <i>Eucalyptus</i> species grown under current and future average summertime temperature conditions. The future conditions represent a 2050 climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, with average daytime temperatures of 294.5 K. Ramping the temperature from 293 to 328 K resulted in these eucalypts emitting isoprene at temperatures 4–9 K higher than the default maximum emission temperature in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). New basal emission rate measurements were obtained at the standard conditions of 303 K leaf temperature and 1000 <span class="inline-formula">µmol</span> m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> photosynthetically active radiation and converted into landscape emission factors. We applied the eucalypt temperature responses and emission factors to Australian trees within MEGAN and ran the CSIRO Chemical Transport Model for three summertime campaigns in Australia. Compared to the default model, the new temperature responses resulted in less isoprene emission in the morning and more during hot afternoons, improving the statistical fit of modelled to observed ambient isoprene. Compared to current conditions, an additional 2 ppb of isoprene is predicted in 2050, causing hourly increases up to 21 ppb of ozone and 24-hourly increases of 0.4 <span class="inline-formula">µg m<sup>−3</sup></span> of aerosol in Sydney. A 550 ppm <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> atmosphere in 2050 mitigates these peak Sydney ozone mixing ratios by 4 ppb. Nevertheless, these forecasted increases in ozone are up to one-fifth of the hourly Australian air quality limit, suggesting that anthropogenic <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> should be further reduced to maintain healthy air quality in future.</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/6193/2020/acp-20-6193-2020.pdf
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	K. M. Emmerson M. Possell M. J. Aspinwall M. J. Aspinwall S. Pfautsch M. G. Tjoelker
spellingShingle	K. M. Emmerson M. Possell M. J. Aspinwall M. J. Aspinwall S. Pfautsch M. G. Tjoelker Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
author_facet	K. M. Emmerson M. Possell M. J. Aspinwall M. J. Aspinwall S. Pfautsch M. G. Tjoelker
author_sort	K. M. Emmerson
title	Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050
title_short	Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050
title_full	Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050
title_fullStr	Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050
title_full_unstemmed	Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050
title_sort	temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050
publisher	Copernicus Publications
series	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
issn	1680-7316 1680-7324
publishDate	2020-05-01
description	<p>Predicting future air quality in Australian cities dominated by eucalypt emissions requires an understanding of their emission potentials in a warmer climate. Here we measure the temperature response in isoprene emissions from saplings of four different <i>Eucalyptus</i> species grown under current and future average summertime temperature conditions. The future conditions represent a 2050 climate under Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5, with average daytime temperatures of 294.5 K. Ramping the temperature from 293 to 328 K resulted in these eucalypts emitting isoprene at temperatures 4–9 K higher than the default maximum emission temperature in the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). New basal emission rate measurements were obtained at the standard conditions of 303 K leaf temperature and 1000 <span class="inline-formula">µmol</span> m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−2</sup></span> s<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span> photosynthetically active radiation and converted into landscape emission factors. We applied the eucalypt temperature responses and emission factors to Australian trees within MEGAN and ran the CSIRO Chemical Transport Model for three summertime campaigns in Australia. Compared to the default model, the new temperature responses resulted in less isoprene emission in the morning and more during hot afternoons, improving the statistical fit of modelled to observed ambient isoprene. Compared to current conditions, an additional 2 ppb of isoprene is predicted in 2050, causing hourly increases up to 21 ppb of ozone and 24-hourly increases of 0.4 <span class="inline-formula">µg m<sup>−3</sup></span> of aerosol in Sydney. A 550 ppm <span class="inline-formula">CO<sub>2</sub></span> atmosphere in 2050 mitigates these peak Sydney ozone mixing ratios by 4 ppb. Nevertheless, these forecasted increases in ozone are up to one-fifth of the hourly Australian air quality limit, suggesting that anthropogenic <span class="inline-formula">NO<sub><i>x</i></sub></span> should be further reduced to maintain healthy air quality in future.</p>
url	https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/20/6193/2020/acp-20-6193-2020.pdf
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Temperature response measurements from eucalypts give insight into the impact of Australian isoprene emissions on air quality in 2050

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