Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)

The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiolo...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Evgenii Gusev, Alexey Sarapultsev, Desheng Hu, Valeriy Chereshnev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-07-01
Series:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7582
id doaj-a95f5dc184a642a8a639f9ee7864bcdc
record_format Article
spelling doaj-a95f5dc184a642a8a639f9ee7864bcdc2021-07-23T13:46:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-01227582758210.3390/ijms22147582Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)Evgenii Gusev0Alexey Sarapultsev1Desheng Hu2Valeriy Chereshnev3Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaInstitute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaDepartment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 200092, ChinaInstitute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, RussiaThe COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiology, then allostasis at low-grade inflammation, and finally the shockogenic phenomenon of “inflammatory systemic microcirculation”. The pathogenetic core of critical situations, including COVID-19, is this phenomenon. Microcirculatory abnormalities, on the other hand, lie at the heart of a specific type of general pathological process known as systemic inflammation (SI). Systemic inflammatory response, cytokine release, cytokine storm, and thrombo-inflammatory syndrome are all terms that refer to different aspects of SI. As a result, the metabolic syndrome model does not adequately reflect the pathophysiology of persistent low-grade systemic inflammation (ChSLGI). Diseases associated with ChSLGI, on the other hand, are risk factors for a severe COVID-19 course. The review examines the role of hypoxia, metabolic dysfunction, scavenger receptors, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the processes of the hemophagocytic syndrome, in the systemic alteration and development of SI in COVID-19.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7582ARDScytokine stormgeneral pathological processlow-grade inflammationmicrocirculationMODS
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Evgenii Gusev
Alexey Sarapultsev
Desheng Hu
Valeriy Chereshnev
spellingShingle Evgenii Gusev
Alexey Sarapultsev
Desheng Hu
Valeriy Chereshnev
Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ARDS
cytokine storm
general pathological process
low-grade inflammation
microcirculation
MODS
author_facet Evgenii Gusev
Alexey Sarapultsev
Desheng Hu
Valeriy Chereshnev
author_sort Evgenii Gusev
title Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
title_short Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
title_full Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
title_fullStr Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
title_full_unstemmed Problems of Pathogenesis and Pathogenetic Therapy of COVID-19 from the Perspective of the General Theory of Pathological Systems (General Pathological Processes)
title_sort problems of pathogenesis and pathogenetic therapy of covid-19 from the perspective of the general theory of pathological systems (general pathological processes)
publisher MDPI AG
series International Journal of Molecular Sciences
issn 1661-6596
1422-0067
publishDate 2021-07-01
description The COVID-19 pandemic examines not only the state of actual health care but also the state of fundamental medicine in various countries. Pro-inflammatory processes extend far beyond the classical concepts of inflammation. They manifest themselves in a variety of ways, beginning with extreme physiology, then allostasis at low-grade inflammation, and finally the shockogenic phenomenon of “inflammatory systemic microcirculation”. The pathogenetic core of critical situations, including COVID-19, is this phenomenon. Microcirculatory abnormalities, on the other hand, lie at the heart of a specific type of general pathological process known as systemic inflammation (SI). Systemic inflammatory response, cytokine release, cytokine storm, and thrombo-inflammatory syndrome are all terms that refer to different aspects of SI. As a result, the metabolic syndrome model does not adequately reflect the pathophysiology of persistent low-grade systemic inflammation (ChSLGI). Diseases associated with ChSLGI, on the other hand, are risk factors for a severe COVID-19 course. The review examines the role of hypoxia, metabolic dysfunction, scavenger receptors, and pattern-recognition receptors, as well as the processes of the hemophagocytic syndrome, in the systemic alteration and development of SI in COVID-19.
topic ARDS
cytokine storm
general pathological process
low-grade inflammation
microcirculation
MODS
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/14/7582
work_keys_str_mv AT evgeniigusev problemsofpathogenesisandpathogenetictherapyofcovid19fromtheperspectiveofthegeneraltheoryofpathologicalsystemsgeneralpathologicalprocesses
AT alexeysarapultsev problemsofpathogenesisandpathogenetictherapyofcovid19fromtheperspectiveofthegeneraltheoryofpathologicalsystemsgeneralpathologicalprocesses
AT deshenghu problemsofpathogenesisandpathogenetictherapyofcovid19fromtheperspectiveofthegeneraltheoryofpathologicalsystemsgeneralpathologicalprocesses
AT valeriychereshnev problemsofpathogenesisandpathogenetictherapyofcovid19fromtheperspectiveofthegeneraltheoryofpathologicalsystemsgeneralpathologicalprocesses
_version_ 1721287817080864768