The Similarity Between Chinese-Indonesian, Sundanese and Bataknese Based on Facial and Nasal Index

• Main Authors: Alberta Karolina, Andri A. Rusman, Yoni Fuadah Syukriani
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Universitas Indonesia 2020-10-01
• Series: Journal Kedokteran Indonesia
• Subjects: forensic identification; cephalometric index; facial index; index nasalis; hierarchical clustering
• Online Access: http://journal.ui.ac.id/index.php/eJKI/article/view/12013

<p class="Pa27" style="margin-right: 34.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><em><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; color: black;">Identification plays a vital role in forensic medicine to determine personal identity. There is a possibility that facial index (FI) and nasal index (NI) are different between Chinese-Indonesian, Sundanese, and Bataknese, three important ethnic groups in Indonesia. The study aim is to determine the similarity between the three ethnicities based on FI and NI. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bandung City in May-July 2018. Subjects were collected randomly from 21-50 years old adults, 64 people from each group. Morphometric analysis of the face and nose was conducted to produce FI and NI. Results showed that all groups were predominantly hyperleptoprosop, having a very long-narrow face (FI <span class="A10"><span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">&gt; </span></span>93). All males and Sundanese females are predominantly hyperleptorrhine, having a very long-narrow nose (NI 40-55). The Chinese-Indonesian female is predominantly chamaerrhine, having a short-broad nose (NI 85-99.9). The Bataknese females are predominantly hyperchamaerrhine, having a very short-broad nose (NI <span class="A10"><span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">&gt; </span></span>58). The hierarchical clustering analysis showed a close similarity between Chinese-Indonesian and Sundanese groups compared they are with Bataknese. This finding is consistent with the South-East Asian migration theory. The result could be used to support comparative identification in situations when forensic anthropology is a critical choice to estimate ethnic affiliation. </span></em></p> <p class="Pa26" style="margin-right: 34.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">&nbsp;</p> <p class="Pa26" style="margin-right: 34.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">&nbsp;</p><p class="Pa26" style="margin-right: 34.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><em></em><strong style="text-align: center; text-indent: 19pt;"><span class="A11"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt;">Kemiripan Antara Suku Tionghoa-Indonesia, Sunda, serta Batak Berdasarkan Indeks Fasial dan Nasal</span></span></strong></p> <p class="Pa26" style="margin-right: 34.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">&nbsp;</p><p class="Pa26" style="margin-right: 34.0pt; text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;"><em style="text-indent: 19pt;"><span style="font-size: 8.0pt; color: black;">Identifikasi berperan penting dalam kedokteran forensik untuk menentukan identitas personal. Ada kemungkinan perbedaan indeks wajah (FI) dan indeks hidung (NI) antar kelompok Cina-Indonesia, Sunda, dan Batak, sebagai tiga kelompok etnis penting di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kemiripan di antara ketiga kelompok tersebut berdasarkan FI dan NI. Penelitian cross-sectional dilakukan di Kota Bandung bulan Mei-Juli 2018. Subjek diambil secara acak dari orang dewasa (21-50 tahun), 64 orang dari setiap kelompok. Analisis morfometri dilakukan untuk menghasilkan FI dan NI. Hasil menunjukkan seluruh populasi umumnya hyperleptoprosop, memiliki wajah sangat panjang dan sempit (FI <span class="A10"><span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">&gt; </span></span>93). Perempuan Sunda dan seluruh laki-laki umumnya hyperleptorrhine, yaitu hidung sempit (NI 40-55). Perempuan Cina- Indonesia umumnya chamaerrhine, yaitu hidung lebar dan pendek (NI 85-99,9). Perempuan Batak umumnya hyperchamaerrhine, yaitu hidung sangat lebar dan pendek (NI <span class="A10"><span style="mso-ansi-font-size: 8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 8.0pt;">&gt; </span></span>58). Analisis kluster hirarki menunjukkan kelompok Tionghoa-Indonesia memiliki kemiripan lebih dekat dengan kelompok Sunda dibandingkan dengan kelompok Batak. Hasil ini konsisten dengan teori migrasi di Asia Tenggara. Hasil ini dapat digunakan untuk identifikasi komparatif jenazah korban dalam situasi yang membutuhkan metode antropologi forensik untuk estimasi kelompok etnis.</span></em></p> <p class="MsoNormal">&nbsp;</p>