Polarization and spatial mode dependent four-wave mixing in a 4H-silicon carbide microring resonator

• Main Authors: Xiaodong Shi, Weichen Fan, Yaoqin Lu, Anders Kragh Hansen, Mingjun Chi, Ailun Yi, Xin Ou, Karsten Rottwitt, Haiyan Ou
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: AIP Publishing LLC 2021-07-01
• Series: APL Photonics
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0053296

We report four-wave mixing with different polarization and spatial modes in a single 4H-silicon carbide photonic device. Our device shows great potential to perform high-dimensional multiplexing for optical communication and high-dimensional entanglement in quantum networks. We use a polarization-insensitive grating coupler and a multimode microring resonator that supports three polarization and spatial mode resonances. Finally, we show the polarization dependence of the third-order nonlinearity of 4H-silicon carbide. The measured nonlinear refractive index of the light polarized along the extraordinary axis, which is n2,TM = (13.1 ± 0.7) × 10−19 m2/W, is twice as large as that of the light polarized along the ordinary plane, n2,TE = (7.0 ± 0.3) × 10−19 m2/W, indicating that the extraordinary polarization is more efficient for nonlinear experiments in the 4H-silicon carbide integrated platforms as compared to the ordinary polarization.