Obtainment of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) biotechnological seed of high genetic and phytosanitary quality in Ecuador

• Main Authors: Miguel M. Ramos-Leal, Ana C. Arellano-Litardo, Sofía B. Korneva, Fanny C. Fischer, Nataly A. Tola, Astolfo Pincay-Flores
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Published: Universidad Nacional de Colombia 2015-01-01
• Series: Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología
• Subjects: biotecnología
• Online Access: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/biotecnologia/article/view/50710
• ISSN: 0123-3475; 1909-8758

Methods for obtaining healthy plants are mainly based on the combined use of meristem in vitro culture and hydrothermotherapy. This work was carried out in order to obtain free- pathogen plants for using as seeds, emphasizing ratoon stunting disease (RSD) of sugarcane. The work was performed using a group of sugarcane cultivars, which was confirmed the variety identification by means of peroxidases isozymes electrophoretic patterns. Plant sanitation was performed in three successive steps by means of hydrothermal treatment at 52 oC during 2h and using the fungicide vitavax, a second hydrothermal treatment at 51 °C during 10 min to the meristem and a third step in which vitroplantlets were propagated in presence of the antibiotic gentamicin. RSD detection was done by using the staining transpiration methods (STM) of functional bundles. Results allowed the creation of a germoplasm bank of sugarcane plants free of the most important systemic bacterial pathogens, with high genetic quality, which provided basic seed of excellent quality for establishing seedlings. Conservation included an in vitro-plantlets bank and the creation of a "DNA bank" which allows preserving the genetic fond in laboratory conditions. Finally a methodology for obtaining free-pathogens plants from buds and meristems is included.