Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial

Background and objectives: One of the disadvantages of unilateral spinal anesthesia is the short duration of post-operative analgesia, which can be addressed by adding adjuvants to local anesthetics. The aim of current study was to compare the effects of adding dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or saline t...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Naseh Taher-Baneh, Negin Ghadamie, Farzad Sarshivi, Reza Sahraie, Karim Nasseri
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2019-07-01
Series:Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001419300363
id doaj-a1c84fb7d7994ef5b83c1bdb18fb837b
record_format Article
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Naseh Taher-Baneh
Negin Ghadamie
Farzad Sarshivi
Reza Sahraie
Karim Nasseri
spellingShingle Naseh Taher-Baneh
Negin Ghadamie
Farzad Sarshivi
Reza Sahraie
Karim Nasseri
Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
author_facet Naseh Taher-Baneh
Negin Ghadamie
Farzad Sarshivi
Reza Sahraie
Karim Nasseri
author_sort Naseh Taher-Baneh
title Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
title_short Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
title_full Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
title_fullStr Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
title_sort comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trial
publisher Elsevier
series Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology
issn 0104-0014
publishDate 2019-07-01
description Background and objectives: One of the disadvantages of unilateral spinal anesthesia is the short duration of post-operative analgesia, which can be addressed by adding adjuvants to local anesthetics. The aim of current study was to compare the effects of adding dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or saline to bupivacaine on the properties of unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing calf surgery. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 patients who underwent elective calf surgery were randomly divided into three groups. The spinal anesthetic rate in each of the three groups was 1 mL bupivacaine 0.5% (5 mg). In groups BD, BF and BS, 5 μg of dexmedetomidine, 25 μg of fentanyl and 0.5 mL saline were added, respectively. The duration of the motor and sensory blocks in both limbs and the rate of pain during 24 h after surgery were calculated. Hemodynamic changes were also measured during anesthesia for up to 90 min. Results: The duration of both of motor and sensory block was significantly longer in dependent limb in the BF (96 and 169 min) and BD (92 and 166 min) groups than the BS (84 and 157 min) group. Visual Analog Scale was significantly lower in the two groups of BF (1.4) and BD (1.3), within 24 h after surgery, than the BS (1.6) group. Conclusions: The addition of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in unilateral spinal anesthesia can increase the duration of the motor and sensory block in dependent limb and prolong the duration of postoperative pain. However, fentanyl is more effective than dexmedetomidine. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivos: Uma das desvantagens da raquianestesia unilateral é a curta duração da analgesia pós-operatória, que pode ser abordada pela adição de adjuvantes aos anestésicos locais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos da adição de dexmedetomidina, fentanil ou solução salina à bupivacaína sobre as propriedades da raquianestesia unilateral em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de panturrilha. Métodos: Neste ensaio clínico duplo-cego, 90 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de panturrilha foram randomicamente divididos em três grupos. A quantidade de anestésico para a raquianestesia nos três grupos foi de 1 mL de bupivacaína a 0,5% (5 mg). Nos grupos BD, BF e BS, 5 μg de dexmedetomidina, 25 μg de fentanil e 0,5 mL de solução salina foram adicionados, respectivamente. Foram calculados a duração dos bloqueios motor e sensorial em ambos os membros e o escore de dor durante 24 horas após a cirurgia. As alterações hemodinâmicas também foram medidas durante a anestesia por até 90 minutos. Resultados: A duração de ambos os bloqueios, motor e sensorial, foi significativamente maior no membro dependente nos grupos BF (96 e 169 min) e BD (92 e 166 min) que no grupo BS (84 e 157 min). Os escores da escala visual analógica foram significativamente menores nos grupos BF (1,4) e BD (1,3) que no grupo BS (1,6) nas 24 horas após a cirurgia. Conclusões: A adição de fentanil e dexmedetomidina à bupivacaína em raquianestesia unilateral pode aumentar a duração dos bloqueios sensorial e motor no membro dependente e prolongar a duração da dor pós-operatória. Contudo, fentanil é mais eficaz que dexmedetomidina. Keywords: Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, Unilateral spinal anesthesia, Palavras-chave: Bupivacaína, Dexmedetomidina, Fentanil, Raquianestesia unilateral
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001419300363
work_keys_str_mv AT nasehtaherbaneh comparisonoffentanylanddexmedetomidineasanadjuvanttobupivacaineforunilateralspinalanesthesiainlowerlimbsurgeryarandomizedtrial
AT neginghadamie comparisonoffentanylanddexmedetomidineasanadjuvanttobupivacaineforunilateralspinalanesthesiainlowerlimbsurgeryarandomizedtrial
AT farzadsarshivi comparisonoffentanylanddexmedetomidineasanadjuvanttobupivacaineforunilateralspinalanesthesiainlowerlimbsurgeryarandomizedtrial
AT rezasahraie comparisonoffentanylanddexmedetomidineasanadjuvanttobupivacaineforunilateralspinalanesthesiainlowerlimbsurgeryarandomizedtrial
AT karimnasseri comparisonoffentanylanddexmedetomidineasanadjuvanttobupivacaineforunilateralspinalanesthesiainlowerlimbsurgeryarandomizedtrial
_version_ 1716750278834782208
spelling doaj-a1c84fb7d7994ef5b83c1bdb18fb837b2020-11-24T21:12:39ZengElsevierBrazilian Journal of Anesthesiology0104-00142019-07-01694369376Comparison of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine for unilateral spinal anesthesia in lower limb surgery: a randomized trialNaseh Taher-Baneh0Negin Ghadamie1Farzad Sarshivi2Reza Sahraie3Karim Nasseri4Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sanandaj, IranKurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sanandaj, IranKurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sanandaj, IranKurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanandaj, IranKurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Sanandaj, Iran; Corresponding author.Background and objectives: One of the disadvantages of unilateral spinal anesthesia is the short duration of post-operative analgesia, which can be addressed by adding adjuvants to local anesthetics. The aim of current study was to compare the effects of adding dexmedetomidine, fentanyl, or saline to bupivacaine on the properties of unilateral spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing calf surgery. Methods: In this double-blind clinical trial, 90 patients who underwent elective calf surgery were randomly divided into three groups. The spinal anesthetic rate in each of the three groups was 1 mL bupivacaine 0.5% (5 mg). In groups BD, BF and BS, 5 μg of dexmedetomidine, 25 μg of fentanyl and 0.5 mL saline were added, respectively. The duration of the motor and sensory blocks in both limbs and the rate of pain during 24 h after surgery were calculated. Hemodynamic changes were also measured during anesthesia for up to 90 min. Results: The duration of both of motor and sensory block was significantly longer in dependent limb in the BF (96 and 169 min) and BD (92 and 166 min) groups than the BS (84 and 157 min) group. Visual Analog Scale was significantly lower in the two groups of BF (1.4) and BD (1.3), within 24 h after surgery, than the BS (1.6) group. Conclusions: The addition of fentanyl and dexmedetomidine to bupivacaine in unilateral spinal anesthesia can increase the duration of the motor and sensory block in dependent limb and prolong the duration of postoperative pain. However, fentanyl is more effective than dexmedetomidine. Resumo: Justificativa e objetivos: Uma das desvantagens da raquianestesia unilateral é a curta duração da analgesia pós-operatória, que pode ser abordada pela adição de adjuvantes aos anestésicos locais. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos da adição de dexmedetomidina, fentanil ou solução salina à bupivacaína sobre as propriedades da raquianestesia unilateral em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de panturrilha. Métodos: Neste ensaio clínico duplo-cego, 90 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia eletiva de panturrilha foram randomicamente divididos em três grupos. A quantidade de anestésico para a raquianestesia nos três grupos foi de 1 mL de bupivacaína a 0,5% (5 mg). Nos grupos BD, BF e BS, 5 μg de dexmedetomidina, 25 μg de fentanil e 0,5 mL de solução salina foram adicionados, respectivamente. Foram calculados a duração dos bloqueios motor e sensorial em ambos os membros e o escore de dor durante 24 horas após a cirurgia. As alterações hemodinâmicas também foram medidas durante a anestesia por até 90 minutos. Resultados: A duração de ambos os bloqueios, motor e sensorial, foi significativamente maior no membro dependente nos grupos BF (96 e 169 min) e BD (92 e 166 min) que no grupo BS (84 e 157 min). Os escores da escala visual analógica foram significativamente menores nos grupos BF (1,4) e BD (1,3) que no grupo BS (1,6) nas 24 horas após a cirurgia. Conclusões: A adição de fentanil e dexmedetomidina à bupivacaína em raquianestesia unilateral pode aumentar a duração dos bloqueios sensorial e motor no membro dependente e prolongar a duração da dor pós-operatória. Contudo, fentanil é mais eficaz que dexmedetomidina. Keywords: Bupivacaine, Dexmedetomidine, Fentanyl, Unilateral spinal anesthesia, Palavras-chave: Bupivacaína, Dexmedetomidina, Fentanil, Raquianestesia unilateralhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0104001419300363