Climatic Conditions: Conventional and Nanotechnology-Based Methods for the Control of <i>Mosquito</i> Vectors Causing Human Health Issues

• Main Authors: Toqeer Ahmed, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder, Irfan Liaqat, Miklas Scholz
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-08-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: climate change; dengue fever; environmental management; eradication of vectors; human health; <i>mosquito</i>-borne diseases; malaria; nanotechnology-based disease control approaches; traditional disease control; public health risk
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/17/3165

Climate variability is highly impacting on <i>mosquito</i>-borne diseases causing malaria and dengue fever across the globe. Seasonal variability change in temperature and rainfall patterns are impacting on human health. <i>Mosquitoes</i> cause diseases like dengue fever, yellow fever, malaria, Chikungunya, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis. According to estimations by health organizations, annually one million human deaths are caused by vector-borne diseases, and dengue fever has increased about 30-fold over the past 50 years. Similarly, over 200 million cases of malaria are being reported annually. <i>Mosquito</i>-borne diseases are sensitive to temperature, humidity and seasonal variability. Both conventional (environmental, chemical, mechanical, biological etc.) and nanotechnology-based (Liposomes, nano-suspensions and polymer-based nanoparticles) approaches are used for the eradication of Malaria and dengue fever. Now green approaches are used to eradicate <i>mosquitoes</i> to save human health without harming the environment. In this review, the impact of climatic conditions on <i>mosquito</i>-borne diseases along with conventional and nanotechnology-based approaches used for controlling malaria and dengue fever have been discussed. Important recommendations have been made for people to stay healthy.