Exploratory Analysis of Color Forms’ Variability in the Invasive Asian Lady Beetle <i>Harmonia axyridis</i> (Pallas 1773)

The Asian ladybird (<i>Harmonia axyridis</i> Pallas), native to Asia, is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and has spread worldwide. This study aimed to characterize color forms of <i>H. axyridis</i> in Croatia and to analyze the variability of wing shape betw...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Darija Lemic, Ivana Pajač Živković, Matea Šuliček, Hugo A. Benítez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-08-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/8/2436
Description
Summary:The Asian ladybird (<i>Harmonia axyridis</i> Pallas), native to Asia, is one of the 100 most invasive species in the world and has spread worldwide. This study aimed to characterize color forms of <i>H. axyridis</i> in Croatia and to analyze the variability of wing shape between populations and indicated forms. Geometric morphometric methods were used to analyze a total of 129 left and right wings in males and 126 left and right wings in females of <i>H. axyridis</i> collected from four different sites in Croatia. The results show a significant difference in wing shapes between the studied forms. Each form had its own specific morphotype that likely originated under the influence of genetic changes in the species. This study demonstrates that the use of geometric morphometric analysis is effective in studying the variability in <i>H. axyridis</i> populations. As this study is the first of its kind, for further clarity, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on a larger number of sites and an equal number of individuals of all forms.
ISSN:2076-2615