A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
BackgroundOutdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers’, are a...
Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
JMIR Publications
2021-04-01
|
Series: | Journal of Medical Internet Research |
Online Access: | https://www.jmir.org/2021/4/e24861 |
id |
doaj-a00d0077248a4310a82d129cfdce836c |
---|---|
record_format |
Article |
spelling |
doaj-a00d0077248a4310a82d129cfdce836c2021-04-27T13:46:02ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712021-04-01234e2486110.2196/24861A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled TrialBrussoni, MarianaHan, Christina SLin, YingyiJacob, JohnPike, IanBundy, AnitaFaulkner, GuyGardy, JenniferFisher, BrianMâsse, Louise BackgroundOutdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers’, are a major deterrent to children’s opportunities for outdoor risky play. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of an intervention to reframe mothers’ perceptions of risk and change parenting behaviors: a web-based intervention or an in-person workshop, compared with the control condition. MethodsThe Go Play Outside! randomized controlled trial was conducted in Canada from 2017 to 2018. Participants were recruited through social media, snowball sampling, and community notices. Mothers of children aged 6-12 years were self-assessed through eligibility questions, and those eligible and consented to participate in the study were randomized into a fully automated web-based intervention, the in-person workshop, or the control condition. The intervention was underpinned by social cognitive theory, incorporating behavior change techniques. Participants progressed through a series of self-reflection exercises and developed a goal for change. Control participants received the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. The primary outcome was increase in tolerance of risky play and the secondary outcome was goal attainment. Data were collected online via REDCap at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after the intervention. Randomization was conducted using sealed envelope. Allocations were concealed to researchers at assignment and data analysis. We conducted mediation analyses to examine whether the intervention influenced elements of social cognitive theory, as hypothesized. ResultsA total of 451 mothers were randomized and completed baseline sociodemographic assessments: 150 in the web-based intervention, 153 in the in-person workshop, and 148 in the control condition. Among these, a total of 351 mothers completed the intervention. At 1 week after the intervention, 113, 85, and 135 mothers completed assessments for each condition, respectively, and at 3 months after the intervention, 105, 84, and 123 completed the assessments, respectively. Compared with mothers in the control condition, mothers in the web-based intervention had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week (P=.004) and 3 months after the intervention (P=.007); and mothers in the in-person workshop had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week after the intervention (P=.02). No other significant outcomes were found. None of the potential mediators were found to significantly mediate the outcomes. ConclusionsThe trial demonstrates that the web-based intervention was effective in increasing mothers’ tolerance for risk in play. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03374683; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03374683 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2552-4https://www.jmir.org/2021/4/e24861 |
collection |
DOAJ |
language |
English |
format |
Article |
sources |
DOAJ |
author |
Brussoni, Mariana Han, Christina S Lin, Yingyi Jacob, John Pike, Ian Bundy, Anita Faulkner, Guy Gardy, Jennifer Fisher, Brian Mâsse, Louise |
spellingShingle |
Brussoni, Mariana Han, Christina S Lin, Yingyi Jacob, John Pike, Ian Bundy, Anita Faulkner, Guy Gardy, Jennifer Fisher, Brian Mâsse, Louise A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial Journal of Medical Internet Research |
author_facet |
Brussoni, Mariana Han, Christina S Lin, Yingyi Jacob, John Pike, Ian Bundy, Anita Faulkner, Guy Gardy, Jennifer Fisher, Brian Mâsse, Louise |
author_sort |
Brussoni, Mariana |
title |
A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_short |
A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_full |
A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_fullStr |
A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_full_unstemmed |
A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial |
title_sort |
web-based and in-person risk reframing intervention to influence mothers’ tolerance for, and parenting practices associated with, children’s outdoor risky play: randomized controlled trial |
publisher |
JMIR Publications |
series |
Journal of Medical Internet Research |
issn |
1438-8871 |
publishDate |
2021-04-01 |
description |
BackgroundOutdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers’, are a major deterrent to children’s opportunities for outdoor risky play.
ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of an intervention to reframe mothers’ perceptions of risk and change parenting behaviors: a web-based intervention or an in-person workshop, compared with the control condition.
MethodsThe Go Play Outside! randomized controlled trial was conducted in Canada from 2017 to 2018. Participants were recruited through social media, snowball sampling, and community notices. Mothers of children aged 6-12 years were self-assessed through eligibility questions, and those eligible and consented to participate in the study were randomized into a fully automated web-based intervention, the in-person workshop, or the control condition. The intervention was underpinned by social cognitive theory, incorporating behavior change techniques. Participants progressed through a series of self-reflection exercises and developed a goal for change. Control participants received the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. The primary outcome was increase in tolerance of risky play and the secondary outcome was goal attainment. Data were collected online via REDCap at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after the intervention. Randomization was conducted using sealed envelope. Allocations were concealed to researchers at assignment and data analysis. We conducted mediation analyses to examine whether the intervention influenced elements of social cognitive theory, as hypothesized.
ResultsA total of 451 mothers were randomized and completed baseline sociodemographic assessments: 150 in the web-based intervention, 153 in the in-person workshop, and 148 in the control condition. Among these, a total of 351 mothers completed the intervention. At 1 week after the intervention, 113, 85, and 135 mothers completed assessments for each condition, respectively, and at 3 months after the intervention, 105, 84, and 123 completed the assessments, respectively. Compared with mothers in the control condition, mothers in the web-based intervention had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week (P=.004) and 3 months after the intervention (P=.007); and mothers in the in-person workshop had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week after the intervention (P=.02). No other significant outcomes were found. None of the potential mediators were found to significantly mediate the outcomes.
ConclusionsThe trial demonstrates that the web-based intervention was effective in increasing mothers’ tolerance for risk in play.
Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03374683; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03374683
International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2552-4 |
url |
https://www.jmir.org/2021/4/e24861 |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT brussonimariana awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT hanchristinas awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT linyingyi awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT jacobjohn awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT pikeian awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT bundyanita awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT faulknerguy awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT gardyjennifer awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT fisherbrian awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT masselouise awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT brussonimariana webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT hanchristinas webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT linyingyi webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT jacobjohn webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT pikeian webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT bundyanita webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT faulknerguy webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT gardyjennifer webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT fisherbrian webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial AT masselouise webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial |
_version_ |
1721505802613686272 |