A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundOutdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers’, are a...

Full description

Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Brussoni, Mariana, Han, Christina S, Lin, Yingyi, Jacob, John, Pike, Ian, Bundy, Anita, Faulkner, Guy, Gardy, Jennifer, Fisher, Brian, Mâsse, Louise
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: JMIR Publications 2021-04-01
Series:Journal of Medical Internet Research
Online Access:https://www.jmir.org/2021/4/e24861
id doaj-a00d0077248a4310a82d129cfdce836c
record_format Article
spelling doaj-a00d0077248a4310a82d129cfdce836c2021-04-27T13:46:02ZengJMIR PublicationsJournal of Medical Internet Research1438-88712021-04-01234e2486110.2196/24861A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled TrialBrussoni, MarianaHan, Christina SLin, YingyiJacob, JohnPike, IanBundy, AnitaFaulkner, GuyGardy, JenniferFisher, BrianMâsse, Louise BackgroundOutdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers’, are a major deterrent to children’s opportunities for outdoor risky play. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of an intervention to reframe mothers’ perceptions of risk and change parenting behaviors: a web-based intervention or an in-person workshop, compared with the control condition. MethodsThe Go Play Outside! randomized controlled trial was conducted in Canada from 2017 to 2018. Participants were recruited through social media, snowball sampling, and community notices. Mothers of children aged 6-12 years were self-assessed through eligibility questions, and those eligible and consented to participate in the study were randomized into a fully automated web-based intervention, the in-person workshop, or the control condition. The intervention was underpinned by social cognitive theory, incorporating behavior change techniques. Participants progressed through a series of self-reflection exercises and developed a goal for change. Control participants received the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. The primary outcome was increase in tolerance of risky play and the secondary outcome was goal attainment. Data were collected online via REDCap at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after the intervention. Randomization was conducted using sealed envelope. Allocations were concealed to researchers at assignment and data analysis. We conducted mediation analyses to examine whether the intervention influenced elements of social cognitive theory, as hypothesized. ResultsA total of 451 mothers were randomized and completed baseline sociodemographic assessments: 150 in the web-based intervention, 153 in the in-person workshop, and 148 in the control condition. Among these, a total of 351 mothers completed the intervention. At 1 week after the intervention, 113, 85, and 135 mothers completed assessments for each condition, respectively, and at 3 months after the intervention, 105, 84, and 123 completed the assessments, respectively. Compared with mothers in the control condition, mothers in the web-based intervention had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week (P=.004) and 3 months after the intervention (P=.007); and mothers in the in-person workshop had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week after the intervention (P=.02). No other significant outcomes were found. None of the potential mediators were found to significantly mediate the outcomes. ConclusionsThe trial demonstrates that the web-based intervention was effective in increasing mothers’ tolerance for risk in play. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03374683; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03374683 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2552-4https://www.jmir.org/2021/4/e24861
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Brussoni, Mariana
Han, Christina S
Lin, Yingyi
Jacob, John
Pike, Ian
Bundy, Anita
Faulkner, Guy
Gardy, Jennifer
Fisher, Brian
Mâsse, Louise
spellingShingle Brussoni, Mariana
Han, Christina S
Lin, Yingyi
Jacob, John
Pike, Ian
Bundy, Anita
Faulkner, Guy
Gardy, Jennifer
Fisher, Brian
Mâsse, Louise
A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
Journal of Medical Internet Research
author_facet Brussoni, Mariana
Han, Christina S
Lin, Yingyi
Jacob, John
Pike, Ian
Bundy, Anita
Faulkner, Guy
Gardy, Jennifer
Fisher, Brian
Mâsse, Louise
author_sort Brussoni, Mariana
title A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_short A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_fullStr A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_full_unstemmed A Web-Based and In-Person Risk Reframing Intervention to Influence Mothers’ Tolerance for, and Parenting Practices Associated With, Children’s Outdoor Risky Play: Randomized Controlled Trial
title_sort web-based and in-person risk reframing intervention to influence mothers’ tolerance for, and parenting practices associated with, children’s outdoor risky play: randomized controlled trial
publisher JMIR Publications
series Journal of Medical Internet Research
issn 1438-8871
publishDate 2021-04-01
description BackgroundOutdoor risky play, such as climbing, racing, and independent exploration, is an important part of childhood and is associated with various positive physical, mental, and developmental outcomes for children. Parental attitudes and fears, particularly mothers’, are a major deterrent to children’s opportunities for outdoor risky play. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2 versions of an intervention to reframe mothers’ perceptions of risk and change parenting behaviors: a web-based intervention or an in-person workshop, compared with the control condition. MethodsThe Go Play Outside! randomized controlled trial was conducted in Canada from 2017 to 2018. Participants were recruited through social media, snowball sampling, and community notices. Mothers of children aged 6-12 years were self-assessed through eligibility questions, and those eligible and consented to participate in the study were randomized into a fully automated web-based intervention, the in-person workshop, or the control condition. The intervention was underpinned by social cognitive theory, incorporating behavior change techniques. Participants progressed through a series of self-reflection exercises and developed a goal for change. Control participants received the Position Statement on Active Outdoor Play. The primary outcome was increase in tolerance of risky play and the secondary outcome was goal attainment. Data were collected online via REDCap at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months after the intervention. Randomization was conducted using sealed envelope. Allocations were concealed to researchers at assignment and data analysis. We conducted mediation analyses to examine whether the intervention influenced elements of social cognitive theory, as hypothesized. ResultsA total of 451 mothers were randomized and completed baseline sociodemographic assessments: 150 in the web-based intervention, 153 in the in-person workshop, and 148 in the control condition. Among these, a total of 351 mothers completed the intervention. At 1 week after the intervention, 113, 85, and 135 mothers completed assessments for each condition, respectively, and at 3 months after the intervention, 105, 84, and 123 completed the assessments, respectively. Compared with mothers in the control condition, mothers in the web-based intervention had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week (P=.004) and 3 months after the intervention (P=.007); and mothers in the in-person workshop had significantly higher tolerance of risky play at 1 week after the intervention (P=.02). No other significant outcomes were found. None of the potential mediators were found to significantly mediate the outcomes. ConclusionsThe trial demonstrates that the web-based intervention was effective in increasing mothers’ tolerance for risk in play. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03374683; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03374683 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1186/s13063-018-2552-4
url https://www.jmir.org/2021/4/e24861
work_keys_str_mv AT brussonimariana awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT hanchristinas awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT linyingyi awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT jacobjohn awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT pikeian awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT bundyanita awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT faulknerguy awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT gardyjennifer awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT fisherbrian awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT masselouise awebbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT brussonimariana webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT hanchristinas webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT linyingyi webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT jacobjohn webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT pikeian webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT bundyanita webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT faulknerguy webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT gardyjennifer webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT fisherbrian webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
AT masselouise webbasedandinpersonriskreframinginterventiontoinfluencemotherstoleranceforandparentingpracticesassociatedwithchildrensoutdoorriskyplayrandomizedcontrolledtrial
_version_ 1721505802613686272