Recent Semen Exposure Impacts the Cytokine Response and Bacterial Vaginosis in Women
BackgroundThe presence of semen in the vagina from unprotected sex may influence the immune and microbial environment of the female genital tract. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations and BV-associated bacteria in female genital secretions may influence HIV risk, although the effect of recent sexual...
Main Authors: | Khanyisile Mngomezulu, Gugulethu F. Mzobe, Andile Mtshali, Farzana Osman, Lenine J. P. Liebenberg, Nigel Garrett, Ravesh Singh, Anne Rompalo, Adrian Mindel, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Quarraisha Abdool Karim, Cheryl Baxter, Sinaye Ngcapu |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.695201/full |
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