CLytA-DAAO Chimeric Enzyme Bound to Magnetic Nanoparticles. A New Therapeutical Approach for Cancer Patients?

• Main Authors: María Fuentes-Baile, Elizabeth Pérez-Valenciano, Pilar García-Morales, Camino de Juan Romero, Daniel Bello-Gil, Víctor M. Barberá, Álvaro Rodríguez-Lescure, Jesús M. Sanz, Cristina Alenda, Miguel Saceda
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2021-02-01
• Series: International Journal of Molecular Sciences
• Subjects: enzymatic therapy; reactive oxygen species; magnetic nanoparticle; gold nanoparticle; alginate capsules; hydrogen peroxide
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/3/1477
• ISSN: 1661-6596; 1422-0067

D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-amino acids generating H₂O₂. The enzymatic chimera formed by DAAO bound to the choline-binding domain of N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase (CLytA) induces cytotoxicity in several pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma cell models. In the current work, we determined whether the effect of CLytA-DAAO immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, and alginate capsules offered some advantages as compared to the free CLytA-DAAO. Results indicate that the immobilization of CLytA-DAAO in magnetic nanoparticles increases the stability of the enzyme, extending its time of action. Besides, we compared the effect induced by CLytA-DAAO with the direct addition of hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating that the progressive generation of reactive oxygen species by CLytA-DAAO is more effective in inducing cytotoxicity than the direct addition of H₂O₂. Furthermore, a pilot study has been initiated in biopsies obtained from pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma patients to evaluate the expression of the main genes involved in resistance to CLytA-DAAO cytotoxicity. Based on our findings, we propose that CLytA-DAAO immobilized in magnetic nanoparticles could be effective in a high percentage of patients and, therefore, be used as an anti-cancer therapy for pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma and glioblastoma.