PRIKLAUSOMŲ NUO ALKOHOLIO ASMENŲ SAVO LIGOS SUVOKIMO IR SVEIKATOS KONTROLĖS LOKUSO YPATUMAI

• Main Authors: Jurgita Dirsienė, Loreta Zajančkauskaitė-Staskevičienė
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Vilnius University Press 2010-01-01
• Series: Psichologija
• Online Access: http://www.journals.vu.lt/psichologija/article/view/2577
• ISSN: 1392-0359; 2345-0061

Su sveikata susijusį elgesį lemia tai, kaip asmuo pats paaiškina savo ligą. Priklausomybės nuo alkoholio suvokimo ir pripažinimo dėsningumų analizė leistų parinkti efektyvesnes profilaktikos ir psichologinės korekcijos priemones. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti priklausomų nuo alkoholio asmenų savo ligos suvokimo ir sveikatos kontrolės lokuso ypatumus bei sąsajas. Buvo tirta 70 priklausomybės ligų centre, detoksikacijos skyriuje besigydančių priklausomų nuo alkoholio asmenų. Taikytos metodikos: trumpasis ligos suvokimo klausimynas (Brief IPQ; Broadbent et al., 2006), Daugiamatė sveikatos kontrolės lokuso skalė (Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale; Wallston et al., 1978). Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad turintiems partnerį kitų poveikio sveikatos kontrolės lokusas yra labiau išreikštas, nei neturintiems partnerio tiriamiesiems. Be to, nustatyta, kad kuo labiau išreikštas kitų poveikio sveikatos kontrolės lokusas, tuo suvokiama trumpesnė priklausomybės nuo alkoholio trukmė. Tyrimas parodė, kad kuo ilgesnė priklausomybės nuo alkoholio trukmė, tuo labiau tiriamieji pripažįsta savo ligą ir tiki, kad ji truks ilgiau, o ilgiausio abstinencijos laikotarpio trukmė teigiamai susijusi su ligos pripažinimu, ilgesnės jos trukmės ir neigiamų padarinių suvokimu. Vyrams sveikatos kontrolės lokusas yra susijęs su ligos suvokimu. Tyrimas parodė, kad priklausomiems nuo alkoholio asmenims labiau išreikštas vidinis sveikatos kontrolės lokusas, palyginti su atsitiktinumų ir kitų poveikio sveikatos kontrolės lokusu, o pripažinti, kad alkoholio vartojimas yra liga, tiriamuosius verčia neigiami alkoholio vartojimo padariniai, bet ne patiriamų simptomų stiprumas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: priklausomi nuo alkoholio asmenys, ligos suvokimas, sveikatos kontrolės lokusas. Pecularities of illness perception and health locus of control of alcohol addicts Jurgita Dirsienė, Loreta Zajančkauskaitė-Staskevičienė Summary Leventhal’s common sense model is a popular model for studying responses to health threats. The central prediction of the model is that coping responses are determined by an interrelated set of beliefs known as illness perceptions, which appear to be directly related to patient’s receptivity to the treatment and outcomes of the illness. The examination of how individuals perceive alcohol addiction may be important in prevention and may help health-care professionals individualize treatment strategies, thereby improving illness outcomes. The goal of the research was to determine the pecularities of and correlations between illness perception and health locus of control of alcohol-addicted people. The object and methods of research: 70 individuals with the diagnosis of alcohol addiction, currently going through alcohol detoxification in an addiction centre (49 men and 21 women). They completed the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Broadbent et al., 2006) and Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC; Wallston et al., 1978). Results of the study: Illness perception and health locus of control was not related to age, sex and education. The research showed that the participants who had a spouse had a more powerful others’ health control orientation than those who hadn’t (U = 419.5; p < 0.05). The research showed a statistically significant correlation between powerful others’ health control orientation and a shorter addiction duration (r = –0.249; p < 0.05). The longer addiction duration was positively related to the illness recognition (r = 0.481; p < 0.001) and the perception of a longer illness duration (r = 0.353; p < 0.05). The longest abstinence period was positively related to a better illness recognition (r = 0.270; p < 0.05) and the perception of a longer illness duration (r = 0.457; p < 0.05) and more severe illness consequences (r = 0.323; p < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed a lot of statistically significant correlations betveen illness perception dimensions: more negative consequences and a stronger illness identity were related to more concern about the illness and more negative emotions. The perception of illness coherence and a shorter duration of the illness was related to a better perceived personal control over the illnesss. The stronger concern about the illness was related to a better treatment control perception. The better illness recognition was related to the perception of longer illness duration, less personal control over the illness and more concern about the illness. The strength of the symptoms was positively related to a better illness coherence perception. The research showed a significant correlation between illness perception and health locus of control only for men: the internal health locus of control was related to the perception of a shorter illness duration (r = –0.402; p < 0.01) and less concern about the illness (r = –0.285; p < 0.05). The powerful others’ health control orientation was related to the perception of better treatment (r = 0.341; p < = 0,05) and personal control (r = 0.332; p < 0.05), more severe symptoms of illness (r = 0.032; p < 0.05), more concern (r = 0.404; p < 0.01) and negative emotions (r = 0.310; p < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that alcoholics had an internal health control orientation. Illness recognition was associated with negative alcohol-related consequences, but not with the strength of symptoms. The implications and limitations of the findings, the implications for practice and research are discussed.  Key words: alcohol-dependent individuals, illness perception, health locus of control.