| Summary: | <i>Hyphodontia</i> sensu lato, belonging to <i>Hymenochaetales</i>, accommodates corticioid wood-inhabiting basidiomycetous fungi with resupinate basidiocarps and diverse hymenophoral characters. Species diversity of <i>Hyphodontia</i> sensu lato has been extensively explored worldwide, but in previous studies the six accepted genera in <i>Hyphodontia</i> sensu lato, viz. <i>Fasciodontia</i>, <i>Hastodontia</i>, <i>Hyphodontia</i>, <i>Kneiffiella</i>, <i>Lyomyces</i> and <i>Xylodon</i> were not all strongly supported from a phylogenetic perspective. Moreover, the relationships among these six genera in <i>Hyphodontia</i> sensu lato and other lineages within <i>Hymenochaetales</i> are not clear. In this study, we performed comprehensive phylogenetic analyses on the basis of multiple loci. For the first time, the independence of each of the six genera receives strong phylogenetic support. The six genera are separated in four clades within <i>Hymenochaetales</i>: <i>Fasciodontia</i>, <i>Lyomyces</i> and <i>Xylodon</i> are accepted as members of a previously known family <i>Schizoporaceae</i>, <i>Kneiffiella</i> and <i>Hyphodontia</i> are, respectively, placed in two monotypic families, viz. a previous name <i>Chaetoporellaceae</i> and a newly introduced name <i>Hyphodontiaceae</i>, and <i>Hastodontia</i> is considered to be a genus with an uncertain taxonomic position at the family rank within <i>Hymenochaetales</i>. The three families emerged between 61.51 and 195.87 million years ago. Compared to other families in the <i>Hymenochaetales</i>, these ages are more or less similar to those of <i>Coltriciaceae</i>, <i>Hymenochaetaceae</i> and <i>Oxyporaceae</i>, but much older than those of the two families <i>Neoantrodiellaceae</i> and <i>Nigrofomitaceae</i>. In regard to species, two, one, three and 10 species are newly described from <i>Hyphodontia</i>, <i>Kneiffiella</i>, <i>Lyomyces</i> and <i>Xylodon</i>, respectively. The taxonomic status of additional 30 species names from these four genera is briefly discussed; an epitype is designated for <i>X. australis</i>. The resupinate habit and poroid hymenophoral configuration were evaluated as the ancestral state of basidiocarps within <i>Hymenochaetales</i>. The resupinate habit mainly remains, while the hymenophoral configuration mainly evolves to the grandinioid-odontioid state and also back to the poroid state at the family level. Generally, a taxonomic framework for <i>Hymenochaetales</i> with an emphasis on members belonging to <i>Hyphodontia</i> sensu lato is constructed, and trait evolution of basidiocarps within <i>Hymenochaetales</i> is revealed accordingly.
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