| Summary: | <h4>Background & aims</h4>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection remains high in China though the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has increased. Our aim was to investigate the relationship between the prevalence of H. pylori and inflammatory bowel disease.<h4>Methods</h4>Hospitalized IBD patients including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) who had tested H. pylori antibody were enrolled. Controls were chose from age- and sex- matched healthy physical examination people who had H. pylori antibody test in a 1:2 fashion (IBD patients:controls). IBD medical history was recorded. All patients were typed by the Montreal classification. Mayo Clinic score and the Harvey-Bradshaw Severity Index were used to evaluate their disease activity. Patients and controls that had H. pylori eradication therapy before were excluded.<h4>Results</h4>Two hundred and sixty IBD patients including 213 CD patients and 47 UC patients, and 520 controls were involved in this study. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in IBD patients (9.6%, 25/260) and IBD newly diagnosed patients (12.1%, 8/66), as well as CD patients (8.9%, 19/213) including CD newly diagnosed patients (10.6%, 5/47) and UC patients (12.8%, 6/47) was significantly lower than controls (29.8%, 155/520) (p = 2.796*10-10, 0.007, 5.723*10-9, 0.016, 0.014), while there was no statistically difference between UC newly diagnosed patients and the controls, and IBD patients with different disease type, disease activity and treatment history.<h4>Conclusions</h4>H. pylori infection had a negative association with IBD, especially CD.
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