Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation

The significance of aquatic lateral carbon (C) export in mangrove ecosystems highlights the extensive contribution of aquatic pathways to the net ecosystem carbon budget. However, few studies have investigated lateral fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC), partly due to...

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Main Authors: Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Takeo Onishi, Shinpei Yoshitake, Mitsutoshi Tomotsune, Morimaru Kida, Yasuo Iimura, Miyuki Kondo, Vilanee Suchewaboripont, Ruoming Cao, Kazutoshi Kinjo, Nobuhide Fujitake
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2020-09-01
Series:Forests
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1041
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spelling doaj-9dd966333f7b48d48fd50b7fb311ba7f2020-11-25T03:13:18ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-09-01111041104110.3390/f11101041Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal FluctuationToshiyuki Ohtsuka0Takeo Onishi1Shinpei Yoshitake2Mitsutoshi Tomotsune3Morimaru Kida4Yasuo Iimura5Miyuki Kondo6Vilanee Suchewaboripont7Ruoming Cao8Kazutoshi Kinjo9Nobuhide Fujitake10River Basin Research Centre (RBRC), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu-City, Gifu 501-1193, JapanFaculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu-City, Gifu 501-1193, JapanFaculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, JapanCollege of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, 6-1-1 Tamagawagakuen, Machida, Tokyo 194-8610, JapanResearch Group for Marine Geochemistry (ICBM-MPI Bridging Group), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Str. 9-11, 26129 Oldenburg, GermanySchool of Environmental Sciences, The University of Shiga Prefecture, 2500 Hassaka-cho, Hikone-City, Shiga 522-8583, JapanCenter for Environmental Measurement and Analysis, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, JapanThe Institute for the Promotion of Teaching and Technology, Khlong Toei, Bangkok 10110, ThailandRiver Basin Research Centre (RBRC), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagito, Gifu-City, Gifu 501-1193, JapanFaculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyu, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213, JapanGraduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, JapanThe significance of aquatic lateral carbon (C) export in mangrove ecosystems highlights the extensive contribution of aquatic pathways to the net ecosystem carbon budget. However, few studies have investigated lateral fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC), partly due to methodological difficulty. Therefore, we evaluated area-based lateral C fluxes in a small mangrove estuary that only had one exit for water exchange to the coast. We sampled water from the mouth of the creek and integrated discharge and consecutive concentration of mangrove-derived C (ΔC). Then, we estimated the area-normalized C fluxes based on the inundated mangrove area. DIC and DOC concentrations at the river mouth increased during ebb tide during both summer and winter. We quantified the ΔC in the estuary using a two-component conservative mixing model of freshwater and seawater. DIC and DOC proportions of ΔC concentrations at the river mouth during ebb tide was between 34% and 56% in the winter and 26% and 42% in the summer, respectively. DIC and DOC fluxes from the estuary were estimated to be 1.36 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> and 0.20 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in the winter and 3.35 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> and 0.86 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in the summer, respectively. Based on our method, daily fluxes are mangrove area-based DIC and DOC lateral exports that can be directly incorporated into the mangrove carbon budget.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1041carbon budgetcarbon cyclingdissolved inorganic carbondissolved organic carbonlateral carbon fluxmangrove forest
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
Takeo Onishi
Shinpei Yoshitake
Mitsutoshi Tomotsune
Morimaru Kida
Yasuo Iimura
Miyuki Kondo
Vilanee Suchewaboripont
Ruoming Cao
Kazutoshi Kinjo
Nobuhide Fujitake
spellingShingle Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
Takeo Onishi
Shinpei Yoshitake
Mitsutoshi Tomotsune
Morimaru Kida
Yasuo Iimura
Miyuki Kondo
Vilanee Suchewaboripont
Ruoming Cao
Kazutoshi Kinjo
Nobuhide Fujitake
Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation
Forests
carbon budget
carbon cycling
dissolved inorganic carbon
dissolved organic carbon
lateral carbon flux
mangrove forest
author_facet Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
Takeo Onishi
Shinpei Yoshitake
Mitsutoshi Tomotsune
Morimaru Kida
Yasuo Iimura
Miyuki Kondo
Vilanee Suchewaboripont
Ruoming Cao
Kazutoshi Kinjo
Nobuhide Fujitake
author_sort Toshiyuki Ohtsuka
title Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation
title_short Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation
title_full Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation
title_fullStr Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation
title_full_unstemmed Lateral Export of Dissolved Inorganic and Organic Carbon from a Small Mangrove Estuary with Tidal Fluctuation
title_sort lateral export of dissolved inorganic and organic carbon from a small mangrove estuary with tidal fluctuation
publisher MDPI AG
series Forests
issn 1999-4907
publishDate 2020-09-01
description The significance of aquatic lateral carbon (C) export in mangrove ecosystems highlights the extensive contribution of aquatic pathways to the net ecosystem carbon budget. However, few studies have investigated lateral fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC), partly due to methodological difficulty. Therefore, we evaluated area-based lateral C fluxes in a small mangrove estuary that only had one exit for water exchange to the coast. We sampled water from the mouth of the creek and integrated discharge and consecutive concentration of mangrove-derived C (ΔC). Then, we estimated the area-normalized C fluxes based on the inundated mangrove area. DIC and DOC concentrations at the river mouth increased during ebb tide during both summer and winter. We quantified the ΔC in the estuary using a two-component conservative mixing model of freshwater and seawater. DIC and DOC proportions of ΔC concentrations at the river mouth during ebb tide was between 34% and 56% in the winter and 26% and 42% in the summer, respectively. DIC and DOC fluxes from the estuary were estimated to be 1.36 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> and 0.20 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in the winter and 3.35 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> and 0.86 g C m<sup>−2</sup> d<sup>−1</sup> in the summer, respectively. Based on our method, daily fluxes are mangrove area-based DIC and DOC lateral exports that can be directly incorporated into the mangrove carbon budget.
topic carbon budget
carbon cycling
dissolved inorganic carbon
dissolved organic carbon
lateral carbon flux
mangrove forest
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1041
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