Anaesthesiology as an integral part of Slovene partisan medical services provided during the second world war

• Main Authors: Aleksander Manohin, Ivan Cibic, Vesna Paver-Eržen
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Slovenian Medical Association 2006-01-01
• Series: Zdravniški Vestnik
• Subjects: anaesthesiology – history – methods; war; civil defence; Slovenia
• Online Access: http://vestnik.szd.si/index.php/ZdravVest/article/view/1990

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The aim of this work was to describe the practice of anaesthesia in partisan military hospitals in Slovenia during the Second World War. The organisation of anaesthetic services delivered as an integral part of partisan medical care was unique in Europe and in the world. Healthcare givers exhibited a high level of professsional knowledge as well as exceptional resourcefulness, adaptability, and willigness to cope with physical and psychological demands of their work.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> During the Second World War, a number of healthcare facilities for treatment of wounded and severly ill soldiers, run by partisan forces, were established on the territory of Slovenia. The paper deals with the first and most important, Slovene central military partisan hospital in Kočevski Rog, and the best-known, Franja and Pavla Hospitals in Primorska region (Franja was proposed for entry in UNESCO’s list of World Heritage Sites). The authors used a large body of written documentation, as well as the testimony provided by the living witnesses of war events. The main characteristics of partisan fighting were constant movement of troops and absence of hinterland. Therefore, it was not possible to apply the basic principle of war medical services, i. e. to evacuate wounded soldiers to the hinterland through graded units of care. No handbooks on the organization of partisan medical services were available at the time, and there were no hard and fast rules for action. Frequently, healthcare had to be provided before any arrangements for the management of wounded soldiers had been made. The apparently unsolvable problems had to be solved on the spot. The paper gives information not only on anaesthesia but also on general conditions characteristic of that period. It is only in the light of this dramatically different situation that the role of anaesthetic services provided during the war can be understood correctly. The material is illustrated with more, mostly original photographs from those times, showing the location, construction and equipment of the hospitals and activities of their staff.</p>