LA LINGUA ITALIANA NELLE PARTITURE MUSICALI FRA XVIII E XX SECOLO

• Main Author: Marco Giardini
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Università degli Studi di Milano 2015-02-01
• Series: Italiano LinguaDue
• Online Access: http://riviste.unimi.it/index.php/promoitals/article/view/4698

<p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">L’articolo intende presentare i tratti essenziali della terminologia tecnica in lingua italiana giunta a consolidarsi nelle partiture musicali nel periodo compreso fra il XVIII e il XX secolo. Il lessico musicale in lingua italiana viene classificato sulla base di quattro categorie fondamentali, secondo la diversa funzione e il diverso significato che i vari termini vengono ad assolvere: 1) genere musicale (</span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Sonata</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Sinfonia</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Quartetto</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Fuga</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, ecc.); 2) le indicazioni di carattere agogico, relative cioè alla definizione del tempo musicale (</span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Andante</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Allegro</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>Presto</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">; ma anche </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>rallentando</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>accelerando</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, ecc.); 3) le indicazioni di carattere dinamico, relative alla diversa gradazione nell’intensità del volume delle note (i celebri </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>piano</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"> e </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>forte</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, con le loro numerose gradazioni, ma anche </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>crescendo</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>diminuendo</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, ecc.); 4) altre indicazioni di carattere espressivo, osservabili nella successione dei righi musicali (come </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>dolce</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>scherzando</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><em>con fuoco</em></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;">, ecc.). Nello studio viene inoltre osservata la ricorrenza dei termini tecnici in lingua italiana a confronto con quelli impiegati nella lingua madre da parte di alcuni compositori stranieri di lingua tedesca e francese.</span></p><p align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p lang="en-US" align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><strong>Italian language in musical scores from the Eighteenth to the Twentieth centuries </strong></span></p><p lang="en-US" align="JUSTIFY"> </p><p align="JUSTIFY"><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">The article aims to present the essential features of consolidated Italian technical terminology in musical scores between the eighteenth and twentieth centuries. Musical lexis in Italian is classified on the basis of four fundamental categories, according to different functions and different meanings of the various terms: 1) genre (</span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Sonata, Sinfonia, Quartetto, Fuga</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, etc.); 2) agogical aspects, ie.. relating to the definition of tempo (</span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>Andante, Allegro, Presto</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, but also </span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>rallentando, accelerando</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, etc.); 3) dynamics, related to different degrees of the intensity of the volume of the notes (the famous </span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>piano</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> and </span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>forte</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, with their numerous gradations, but also </span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>crescendo, diminuendo</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, etc.); 4) other expressive characteristics, observable in the succession of musical staves (as </span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US"><em>dolce, scherzando, con fuoco</em></span></span><span style="font-family: Garamond, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, etc.). In the works of some German and French composers, we also observe the occurrence of technical terms in Italian in comparison to those used in their native languages</span></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p>