Anemia, iron and zinc deficiencies, supplements consumption and morbidity in Mexican children aged 1 to 4: analysis of Ensanut 100k

• Main Authors: Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora, Brenda Martínez-Tapia, Lucía Cuevas-Nasu, Eduardo Rangel-Baltazar, María Concepción Medina-Zacarías, Armando García-Guerra, Salvador Villalpando, Rosario Rebollar, Teresa Shamah-Levy
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública 2019-12-01
• Series: Salud Pública de México
• Subjects: anemia; deficiencia de zinc; hierro; diarrea; suplementos con micronutrientes
• Online Access: http://www.saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/10557

Objective. To analyze the association between supplements and Liconsa milk intake, with anemia, zinc (ZD) and iron (ID) deficiencies, and morbidity in Mexican children resident of less than 100 000 habitants’ localities. Materials and methods. A subsample of 1 516 children aged 1-4 participants of Ensanut 100k was analyzed, carried out in 2018. Anemia was considered if [Hb]<11 g/dL, ZD if [Zn]<65 µg/dL and ID if [ferritin]<12 µg/L. Supplements and Liconsa milk consumption were obtained from a semi-quantitative food frequency; morbidity by self-report of the mother. Multiple logistic regression models were used adjusted by confounders. Results. Medium and high consumption of Liconsa milk was associated to lower odds of ID (OR=0.02, [95%CI 0.002,0.24] and OR=0.07, [95%CI 0.01,0.52]) and anemia (OR=0.13, [95%CI 0.04,0.37] and OR=0.17, [95%CI 0.03,0.87]). A high intake of Liconsa milk (OR=0.09, [95%CI 0.01,0.44]) and Vitaniño (OR=0.05 [95%CI 0.005, 0.46]) were both associated to lower diarrhea risk. Conclusions. To assure the continuity of the consumption of nutritional supplements is necessary for improving the health and the micronutrients status in vulnerable Mexican children.