Zearalenone Biodegradation by the Combination of Probiotics with Cell-Free Extracts of Aspergillus oryzae and its Mycotoxin-Alleviating Effect on Pig Production Performance

• Main Authors: Chaoqi Liu, Juan Chang, Ping Wang, Qingqiang Yin, Weiwei Huang, Xiaowei Dang, Fushan Lu, Tianzeng Gao
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2019-09-01
• Series: Toxins
• Subjects: Zearalenone; biodegradation; probiotics; cell-free extracts of Aspergillus oryzae; pig production performance
• Online Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/10/552

In order to remove zearalenone (ZEA) detriment&#8212;<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, <i>Candida utilis,</i> and cell-free extracts from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> were used to degrade ZEA in this study. The orthogonal experiment in vitro showed that the ZEA degradation rate was 92.27% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) under the conditions that <i>Candida utilis</i>,<i> Bacillus subtilis </i>SP1, and <i>Bacillus subtilis </i>SP2 were mixed together at 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.0%. When cell-free extracts from <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> were combined with the above probiotics at a ratio of 2:1 to make mycotoxin-biodegradation preparation (MBP), the ZEA degradation rate reached 95.15% (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In order to further investigate the MBP effect on relieving the negative impact of ZEA for pig production performance, 120 young pigs were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 3 replicates in each group and 8 pigs for each replicate. Group A was given the basal diet with 86.19 &#956;g/kg ZEA; group B contained 300 &#956;g/kg ZEA without MBP addition; and groups C, D, and E contained 300 &#956;g/kg ZEA added with 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% MBP, respectively. The results showed that MBP addition was able to keep gut microbiota stable. ZEA concentrations in jejunal contents in groups A and D were 89.47% and 80.07% lower than that in group B (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), indicating that MBP was effective in ZEA biodegradation. In addition, MBP had no significant effect on pig growth, nutrient digestibility, and the relative mRNA abundance of estrogen receptor alpha (<i>ER&#945;</i>) genes in ovaries and the uterus (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05).