The Intentional Stance Test-2: How to Measure the Tendency to Adopt Intentional Stance Towards Robots

• Main Authors: Nicolas Spatola, Serena Marchesi, Agnieszka Wykowska
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-01
• Series: Frontiers in Robotics and AI
• Subjects: human-robot interaction (HRI); intentional stance theory; mentalization; measurement; social robotics/HRI
• Online Access: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frobt.2021.666586/full

In human-robot interactions, people tend to attribute to robots mental states such as intentions or desires, in order to make sense of their behaviour. This cognitive strategy is termed “intentional stance”. Adopting the intentional stance influences how one will consider, engage and behave towards robots. However, people differ in their likelihood to adopt intentional stance towards robots. Therefore, it seems crucial to assess these interindividual differences. In two studies we developed and validated the structure of a task aiming at evaluating to what extent people adopt intentional stance towards robot actions, the Intentional Stance task (IST). The Intentional Stance Task consists in a task that probes participants’ stance by requiring them to choose the plausibility of a description (mentalistic vs. mechanistic) of behaviour of a robot depicted in a scenario composed of three photographs. Results showed a reliable psychometric structure of the IST. This paper therefore concludes with the proposal of using the IST as a proxy for assessing the degree of adoption of the intentional stance towards robots.