| Summary: | In the early 20th century, especially after the First World War, historicians and educators wondered about the influence that history teaching might have on friendship and hostilities among nations. The so-called “abuses” of history –reflected in his teaching for children and youth– began to be debated in Europe (mainly in French, Germany and Spain), and the U. S., reaching several international organizations (seculars and religious) including from teachers’ unions to the League of Nations. The revision of school curricula and textbooks was the focus of this discussion. In South America, this initiative was leaded by Brazil and Argentina that signed in 1933 the “Agreement between Brazil and Argentina for the Revision of Texts for Teaching the History and Geography”. This paper investigates the political and educational interests –in the international context– provided that the signing of the Agreement, and consider the actions of governments, politicians, intellectuals and tea-chers in order to prevent the excitation against any nation of America.
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