Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China
An observational data set of the year 2010 at a site in the northern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert (TD) was used to analyse the key surface parameters in land⁻atmospheric interactions in the desert climate of northwest China. We found that the surface albedo (<i>α&l...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-11-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/12/458 |
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doaj-98d646076ed64eeebf821fd639fa277a |
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| record_format |
Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
Lili Jin Zhenjie Li Qing He Yongqiang Liu Ali Mamtimin Xinchun Liu Wen Huo Yu Xin Jiantao Zhang Chenglong Zhou |
| spellingShingle |
Lili Jin Zhenjie Li Qing He Yongqiang Liu Ali Mamtimin Xinchun Liu Wen Huo Yu Xin Jiantao Zhang Chenglong Zhou Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China Atmosphere eddy covariance technique surface characteristic parameter Taklimakan Desert |
| author_facet |
Lili Jin Zhenjie Li Qing He Yongqiang Liu Ali Mamtimin Xinchun Liu Wen Huo Yu Xin Jiantao Zhang Chenglong Zhou |
| author_sort |
Lili Jin |
| title |
Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China |
| title_short |
Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China |
| title_full |
Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China |
| title_fullStr |
Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, China |
| title_sort |
observed key surface parameters for characterizing land–atmospheric interactions in the northern marginal zone of the taklimakan desert, china |
| publisher |
MDPI AG |
| series |
Atmosphere |
| issn |
2073-4433 |
| publishDate |
2018-11-01 |
| description |
An observational data set of the year 2010 at a site in the northern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert (TD) was used to analyse the key surface parameters in land⁻atmospheric interactions in the desert climate of northwest China. We found that the surface albedo (<i>α</i>) and emissivity (<i>ε</i>) were 0.27 and 0.91, respectively, which were consistent with the values obtained based on observations in the hinterland of the TD as well as being similar to the dry parts of the Great Basin desert in North America, where they were comparable to the <i>α</i> and <i>ε</i> values retrieved from remote sensing products. Peak frequency value of <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> was 5.858 × 10<sup>−3</sup> m, which was similar to the Mojave Desert, Peruvian desert, Sonoran Desert, HEIFE (Heihe region) Desert, and Badain Jaran Desert. The peak frequency value of <i>z</i><sub>0<i>h</i></sub> was 1.965 × 10<sup>−4</sup> m, which was different from those obtained in the hinterland of the TD. The average annual value of excess resistance to heat transfer (<i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup>) was 2.5, which was different from those obtained in the HEIFE Gobi and desert, but they were similar to those determined for the Qinghai⁻Tibetan Plateau and HAPEX-Sahel. Both <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> and <i>z</i><sub>0<i>h</i></sub> varied less diurnally but notably seasonally, and <i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup> exhibited weak diurnal and seasonal variations. We also found that <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> was strongly influenced by the local wind direction. There were many undulating sand dunes in the prevailing wind and opposite to the prevailing wind, which were consistent with the directions of the peak <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> value. The mean values calculated over 24 h for <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>h</sub></i> were 6.34 × 10<sup>−3</sup> and 5.96 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, respectively, which were larger than in the Gobi area, hinterland of the TD and semiarid areas, but similar to HEIFE desert. Under the normal prevailing (NNE⁻ESE) wind, the mean bulk transfer coefficient <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>h</sub></i> were of the same order of magnitude as expected based on similarity theory. Using the data obtained under different wind directions, we determined the relationships between <i>C<sub>d</sub></i>, <i>C<sub>h</sub></i>, the wind speed <i>U</i>, and stability parameter <i>z</i>/<i>L</i>, and the results were different. <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>h</sub></i> decreased rapidly as the wind speed dropped below 3.0 m s<sup>−1</sup> and their minimum values reached around 1⁻2 m s<sup>−1</sup>. It should also be noted that the <i>ε</i> values estimated using the sensible heat flux (<i>H</i>) were better compared with those produced using other estimation methods. |
| topic |
eddy covariance technique surface characteristic parameter Taklimakan Desert |
| url |
https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/12/458 |
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doaj-98d646076ed64eeebf821fd639fa277a2020-11-24T23:57:18ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332018-11-0191245810.3390/atmos9120458atmos9120458Observed Key Surface Parameters for Characterizing Land–Atmospheric Interactions in the Northern Marginal Zone of the Taklimakan Desert, ChinaLili Jin0Zhenjie Li1Qing He2Yongqiang Liu3Ali Mamtimin4Xinchun Liu5Wen Huo6Yu Xin7Jiantao Zhang8Chenglong Zhou9Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaLincang Meteorological Bureau of Yunnan Province, Lincang 677099, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaCollege of Resources & Environmental Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaTaklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station of CMA, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, ChinaAn observational data set of the year 2010 at a site in the northern marginal zone of the Taklimakan Desert (TD) was used to analyse the key surface parameters in land⁻atmospheric interactions in the desert climate of northwest China. We found that the surface albedo (<i>α</i>) and emissivity (<i>ε</i>) were 0.27 and 0.91, respectively, which were consistent with the values obtained based on observations in the hinterland of the TD as well as being similar to the dry parts of the Great Basin desert in North America, where they were comparable to the <i>α</i> and <i>ε</i> values retrieved from remote sensing products. Peak frequency value of <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> was 5.858 × 10<sup>−3</sup> m, which was similar to the Mojave Desert, Peruvian desert, Sonoran Desert, HEIFE (Heihe region) Desert, and Badain Jaran Desert. The peak frequency value of <i>z</i><sub>0<i>h</i></sub> was 1.965 × 10<sup>−4</sup> m, which was different from those obtained in the hinterland of the TD. The average annual value of excess resistance to heat transfer (<i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup>) was 2.5, which was different from those obtained in the HEIFE Gobi and desert, but they were similar to those determined for the Qinghai⁻Tibetan Plateau and HAPEX-Sahel. Both <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> and <i>z</i><sub>0<i>h</i></sub> varied less diurnally but notably seasonally, and <i>kB</i><sup>−1</sup> exhibited weak diurnal and seasonal variations. We also found that <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> was strongly influenced by the local wind direction. There were many undulating sand dunes in the prevailing wind and opposite to the prevailing wind, which were consistent with the directions of the peak <i>z</i><sub>0<i>m</i></sub> value. The mean values calculated over 24 h for <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>h</sub></i> were 6.34 × 10<sup>−3</sup> and 5.96 × 10<sup>−3</sup>, respectively, which were larger than in the Gobi area, hinterland of the TD and semiarid areas, but similar to HEIFE desert. Under the normal prevailing (NNE⁻ESE) wind, the mean bulk transfer coefficient <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>h</sub></i> were of the same order of magnitude as expected based on similarity theory. Using the data obtained under different wind directions, we determined the relationships between <i>C<sub>d</sub></i>, <i>C<sub>h</sub></i>, the wind speed <i>U</i>, and stability parameter <i>z</i>/<i>L</i>, and the results were different. <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> and <i>C<sub>h</sub></i> decreased rapidly as the wind speed dropped below 3.0 m s<sup>−1</sup> and their minimum values reached around 1⁻2 m s<sup>−1</sup>. It should also be noted that the <i>ε</i> values estimated using the sensible heat flux (<i>H</i>) were better compared with those produced using other estimation methods.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/9/12/458eddy covariance techniquesurface characteristic parameterTaklimakan Desert |