Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have miscellaneous applications owing to their low cost, small size, flexibility, and commercial availability. Furthermore, LEDs have dual applicability as light emitters and detectors. This study explores the current–voltage (C–V) response of LED strips exposed to diagn...

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Main Authors: Edrine Damulira, Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff, Suharti Sulaiman, Nur Farah Huda Zulkafli, Nur Amiela Zulkifli, Nur Shahirah Ahmad Shakir, Mohamad Azlan Zainun, Ahmad Fairuz Omar, Nur Hartini Mohd Taib, Nik kamarullah Ya Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2019-12-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/200
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spelling doaj-98712460057241299d142b49bbbcea8f2020-11-25T02:26:22ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172019-12-0110120010.3390/app10010200app10010200Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode StripsEdrine Damulira0Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff1Suharti Sulaiman2Nur Farah Huda Zulkafli3Nur Amiela Zulkifli4Nur Shahirah Ahmad Shakir5Mohamad Azlan Zainun6Ahmad Fairuz Omar7Nur Hartini Mohd Taib8Nik kamarullah Ya Ali9Medical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaMedical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaMedical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaMedical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaMedical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaMedical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaMedical Radiation Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaEngineering Physics Laboratory, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, MalaysiaDepartment of Radiology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Radiology, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, MalaysiaLight-emitting diodes (LEDs) have miscellaneous applications owing to their low cost, small size, flexibility, and commercial availability. Furthermore, LEDs have dual applicability as light emitters and detectors. This study explores the current–voltage (C–V) response of LED strips exposed to diagnostic x-rays. Cold white, warm white, red, green, and blue LED strip colors were tested. Each strip consisted of 12 LED chips and was connected to a multimeter. The variable diagnostic x-ray parameters evaluated were kilovoltage peak (kVp), milliampere-seconds (mAs), and source-to-image distance (SID). The radiation dose was also measured using a dosimeter simultaneously exposed to x-rays perpendicularly incident on the strips. Lastly, the consistency of C–V responses, and any possible degradation after 1–2 months was also analyzed. Each LED strip color was ranked according to its C–V response in each of the investigated parameters. The LED strip color with the best cumulative rank across all the tested parameters was then examined for reproducibility. Our findings revealed that the C–V responses of LED strips are (a) generally low but measurable, (b) inconsistent and fluctuating as a consequence of kVp variations, (c) positively correlated to mAs, (d) negatively correlated to SID, and (e) positively correlated to dose. Overall results suggested cold white LED strip as most feasible for x-ray detection—in comparison to examined colors. Additionally, the reproducibility study using the cold white LED strip found a similar trend of C–V response to all variables except kVp. Outcomes indicate that LED strips have the potential to be exploited for detecting low dose (~0–100 mGy) diagnostic x-rays. However, future studies should be carried out to increase the low C–V signal.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/200photonic deviceled stripc–v responsediagnostic x-raysradiation-induced signalapplication of leds
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Edrine Damulira
Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff
Suharti Sulaiman
Nur Farah Huda Zulkafli
Nur Amiela Zulkifli
Nur Shahirah Ahmad Shakir
Mohamad Azlan Zainun
Ahmad Fairuz Omar
Nur Hartini Mohd Taib
Nik kamarullah Ya Ali
spellingShingle Edrine Damulira
Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff
Suharti Sulaiman
Nur Farah Huda Zulkafli
Nur Amiela Zulkifli
Nur Shahirah Ahmad Shakir
Mohamad Azlan Zainun
Ahmad Fairuz Omar
Nur Hartini Mohd Taib
Nik kamarullah Ya Ali
Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips
Applied Sciences
photonic device
led strip
c–v response
diagnostic x-rays
radiation-induced signal
application of leds
author_facet Edrine Damulira
Muhammad Nur Salihin Yusoff
Suharti Sulaiman
Nur Farah Huda Zulkafli
Nur Amiela Zulkifli
Nur Shahirah Ahmad Shakir
Mohamad Azlan Zainun
Ahmad Fairuz Omar
Nur Hartini Mohd Taib
Nik kamarullah Ya Ali
author_sort Edrine Damulira
title Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips
title_short Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips
title_full Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips
title_fullStr Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips
title_full_unstemmed Comparison of Current–Voltage Response to Diagnostic X-rays of Five Light-Emitting Diode Strips
title_sort comparison of current–voltage response to diagnostic x-rays of five light-emitting diode strips
publisher MDPI AG
series Applied Sciences
issn 2076-3417
publishDate 2019-12-01
description Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have miscellaneous applications owing to their low cost, small size, flexibility, and commercial availability. Furthermore, LEDs have dual applicability as light emitters and detectors. This study explores the current–voltage (C–V) response of LED strips exposed to diagnostic x-rays. Cold white, warm white, red, green, and blue LED strip colors were tested. Each strip consisted of 12 LED chips and was connected to a multimeter. The variable diagnostic x-ray parameters evaluated were kilovoltage peak (kVp), milliampere-seconds (mAs), and source-to-image distance (SID). The radiation dose was also measured using a dosimeter simultaneously exposed to x-rays perpendicularly incident on the strips. Lastly, the consistency of C–V responses, and any possible degradation after 1–2 months was also analyzed. Each LED strip color was ranked according to its C–V response in each of the investigated parameters. The LED strip color with the best cumulative rank across all the tested parameters was then examined for reproducibility. Our findings revealed that the C–V responses of LED strips are (a) generally low but measurable, (b) inconsistent and fluctuating as a consequence of kVp variations, (c) positively correlated to mAs, (d) negatively correlated to SID, and (e) positively correlated to dose. Overall results suggested cold white LED strip as most feasible for x-ray detection—in comparison to examined colors. Additionally, the reproducibility study using the cold white LED strip found a similar trend of C–V response to all variables except kVp. Outcomes indicate that LED strips have the potential to be exploited for detecting low dose (~0–100 mGy) diagnostic x-rays. However, future studies should be carried out to increase the low C–V signal.
topic photonic device
led strip
c–v response
diagnostic x-rays
radiation-induced signal
application of leds
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/1/200
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