Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins

Bacterial degradation of toxic microcystins produced by cyanobacteria is a common phenomenon. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of these processes is rudimentary. In this paper several novel discoveries regarding the action of the enzymes of the mlr cluster responsible for microcystin bio...

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Main Authors:	Dariusz Dziga, Gabriela Zielinska, Benedykt Wladyka, Oliwia Bochenska, Anna Maksylewicz, Wojciech Strzalka, Jussi Meriluoto
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	MDPI AG 2016-03-01
Series:	Toxins
Subjects:	microcystin biodegradation recombinant enzymes biochemical pathway
Online Access:	http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/3/76

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spelling	doaj-983a70f0ea434949af25a72b321a03372020-11-24T23:13:39ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512016-03-01837610.3390/toxins8030076toxins8030076Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins MicrocystinsDariusz Dziga0Gabriela Zielinska1Benedykt Wladyka2Oliwia Bochenska3Anna Maksylewicz4Wojciech Strzalka5Jussi Meriluoto6Department of Plant Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, PolandDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, PolandDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, PolandDepartment of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, PolandDepartment of Plant Physiology and Development, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, PolandDepartment of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, Krakow 30387, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistokatu 6 A, Turku 20520, FinlandBacterial degradation of toxic microcystins produced by cyanobacteria is a common phenomenon. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of these processes is rudimentary. In this paper several novel discoveries regarding the action of the enzymes of the mlr cluster responsible for microcystin biodegradation are presented using recombinant proteins. In particular, the predicted active sites of the recombinant MlrB and MlrC were analyzed using functional enzymes and their inactive muteins. A new degradation intermediate, a hexapeptide derived from linearized microcystins by MlrC, was discovered. Furthermore, the involvement of MlrA and MlrB in further degradation of the hexapeptides was confirmed and a corrected biochemical pathway of microcystin biodegradation has been proposed.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/3/76microcystinbiodegradationrecombinant enzymesbiochemical pathway
collection	DOAJ
language	English
format	Article
sources	DOAJ
author	Dariusz Dziga Gabriela Zielinska Benedykt Wladyka Oliwia Bochenska Anna Maksylewicz Wojciech Strzalka Jussi Meriluoto
spellingShingle	Dariusz Dziga Gabriela Zielinska Benedykt Wladyka Oliwia Bochenska Anna Maksylewicz Wojciech Strzalka Jussi Meriluoto Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins Toxins microcystin biodegradation recombinant enzymes biochemical pathway
author_facet	Dariusz Dziga Gabriela Zielinska Benedykt Wladyka Oliwia Bochenska Anna Maksylewicz Wojciech Strzalka Jussi Meriluoto
author_sort	Dariusz Dziga
title	Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins
title_short	Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins
title_full	Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins
title_fullStr	Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins
title_full_unstemmed	Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins
title_sort	characterization of enzymatic activity of mlrb and mlrc proteins involved in bacterial degradation of cyanotoxins microcystins
publisher	MDPI AG
series	Toxins
issn	2072-6651
publishDate	2016-03-01
description	Bacterial degradation of toxic microcystins produced by cyanobacteria is a common phenomenon. However, our understanding of the mechanisms of these processes is rudimentary. In this paper several novel discoveries regarding the action of the enzymes of the mlr cluster responsible for microcystin biodegradation are presented using recombinant proteins. In particular, the predicted active sites of the recombinant MlrB and MlrC were analyzed using functional enzymes and their inactive muteins. A new degradation intermediate, a hexapeptide derived from linearized microcystins by MlrC, was discovered. Furthermore, the involvement of MlrA and MlrB in further degradation of the hexapeptides was confirmed and a corrected biochemical pathway of microcystin biodegradation has been proposed.
topic	microcystin biodegradation recombinant enzymes biochemical pathway
url	http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/3/76
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Characterization of Enzymatic Activity of MlrB and MlrC Proteins Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Cyanotoxins Microcystins

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