Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China
<p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a form of toxic pollutant that can be transported across the globe and accumulated in the bodies of wildlife and humans. A nationwide geographical investigation considering atmospheric PFAAs via a passive air sampler (PAS) based on XAD (a styrene–divinylbenz...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2019-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/14107/2019/acp-19-14107-2019.pdf |
| id |
doaj-98394dc5ef34483b80c7e7d30ad38619 |
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| record_format |
Article |
| collection |
DOAJ |
| language |
English |
| format |
Article |
| sources |
DOAJ |
| author |
D. Han Y. Ma C. Huang X. Zhang H. Xu Y. Zhou S. Liang X. Chen X. Huang H. Liao S. Fu X. Hu J. Cheng |
| spellingShingle |
D. Han Y. Ma C. Huang X. Zhang H. Xu Y. Zhou S. Liang X. Chen X. Huang H. Liao S. Fu X. Hu J. Cheng Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| author_facet |
D. Han Y. Ma C. Huang X. Zhang H. Xu Y. Zhou S. Liang X. Chen X. Huang H. Liao S. Fu X. Hu J. Cheng |
| author_sort |
D. Han |
| title |
Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China |
| title_short |
Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China |
| title_full |
Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China |
| title_fullStr |
Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in China |
| title_sort |
occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (pfaas) in the atmosphere in china |
| publisher |
Copernicus Publications |
| series |
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| issn |
1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| publishDate |
2019-11-01 |
| description |
<p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a form of toxic pollutant that can be
transported across the globe and accumulated in the bodies of wildlife and
humans. A nationwide geographical investigation considering atmospheric PFAAs
via a passive air sampler (PAS) based on XAD (a styrene–divinylbenzene
copolymer) was conducted in 23 different provinces/municipalities/autonomous
regions in China, which provides an excellent chance to investigate their
occurrences, spatial trends, and potential sources. The total atmospheric
concentrations of 13 PFAAs (<span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i>=268</span>) were
6.19–292.57 pg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, with an average value of
<span class="inline-formula">39.84±28.08</span> pg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, which were higher than other urban levels but
lower than point source measurements. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the
dominant PFAA (20.6 %), followed by perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA),
perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFPeA). An
increasing seasonal trend of PFAA concentrations was shown as
summer <span class="inline-formula"><</span> autumn <span class="inline-formula"><</span> spring <span class="inline-formula"><</span> winter, which may be initiated by
stagnant meteorological conditions. Spatially, the content of PFAAs displayed
a declining gradient trend of central China <span class="inline-formula">></span> northern
China <span class="inline-formula">></span> eastern China <span class="inline-formula">></span> north-eastern China <span class="inline-formula">></span> south-western
China <span class="inline-formula">></span> north-western China <span class="inline-formula">></span> southern China, and Henan contributed
the largest proportion of PFAAs. Four sources of PFAAs were identified using
a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, including PFOS-based products
(26.1 %), products based on PFOA and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA;
36.6 %), degradation products of fluorotelomer-based products
(15.5 %), and an unknown source (21.8 %).</p> |
| url |
https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/14107/2019/acp-19-14107-2019.pdf |
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doaj-98394dc5ef34483b80c7e7d30ad386192020-11-25T01:58:53ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242019-11-0119141071411710.5194/acp-19-14107-2019Occurrence and source apportionment of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the atmosphere in ChinaD. Han0Y. Ma1C. Huang2X. Zhang3H. Xu4Y. Zhou5S. Liang6X. Chen7X. Huang8H. Liao9S. Fu10X. Hu11J. Cheng12School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, ChinaState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of the Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China<p>Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a form of toxic pollutant that can be transported across the globe and accumulated in the bodies of wildlife and humans. A nationwide geographical investigation considering atmospheric PFAAs via a passive air sampler (PAS) based on XAD (a styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer) was conducted in 23 different provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in China, which provides an excellent chance to investigate their occurrences, spatial trends, and potential sources. The total atmospheric concentrations of 13 PFAAs (<span class="inline-formula"><i>n</i>=268</span>) were 6.19–292.57 pg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, with an average value of <span class="inline-formula">39.84±28.08</span> pg m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, which were higher than other urban levels but lower than point source measurements. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the dominant PFAA (20.6 %), followed by perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFPeA). An increasing seasonal trend of PFAA concentrations was shown as summer <span class="inline-formula"><</span> autumn <span class="inline-formula"><</span> spring <span class="inline-formula"><</span> winter, which may be initiated by stagnant meteorological conditions. Spatially, the content of PFAAs displayed a declining gradient trend of central China <span class="inline-formula">></span> northern China <span class="inline-formula">></span> eastern China <span class="inline-formula">></span> north-eastern China <span class="inline-formula">></span> south-western China <span class="inline-formula">></span> north-western China <span class="inline-formula">></span> southern China, and Henan contributed the largest proportion of PFAAs. Four sources of PFAAs were identified using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, including PFOS-based products (26.1 %), products based on PFOA and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA; 36.6 %), degradation products of fluorotelomer-based products (15.5 %), and an unknown source (21.8 %).</p>https://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/19/14107/2019/acp-19-14107-2019.pdf |