The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration

Angela Gomez-Arboledas,1 Munjal M Acharya,2,3 Andrea J Tenner1,4,5 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Univ...

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Main Authors: Gomez-Arboledas A, Acharya MM, Tenner AJ
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Dove Medical Press 2021-09-01
Series:ImmunoTargets and Therapy
Subjects:
c1q
Online Access:https://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-complement-in-synaptic-pruning-and-neurodegeneration-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ITT
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spelling doaj-97eb2017c6fd4c4d9522c7e590d48c6f2021-09-26T19:14:41ZengDove Medical PressImmunoTargets and Therapy2253-15562021-09-01Volume 1037338669189The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and NeurodegenerationGomez-Arboledas AAcharya MMTenner AJAngela Gomez-Arboledas,1 Munjal M Acharya,2,3 Andrea J Tenner1,4,5 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 4Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USACorrespondence: Andrea J TennerDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USATel +1 949-824-3268Email atenner@uci.eduAbstract: The complement system, an essential part of the innate immune system, is composed of a group of secreted and membrane proteins that collectively participate in maintaining the function of the healthy and diseased brain. However, an inappropriate activation of the complement system has been related to an inflammatory response in multiple diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as Zika infection and radiotherapy. In addition, C1q and C3 (initial activation components of the complement cascade) have been shown to play a key beneficial role in the refinement of synaptic circuits during developmental stages and adult plasticity. Nevertheless, excessive synaptic pruning in the adult brain can be detrimental and has been associated with synaptic loss in several pathological conditions. In this brief review, we will discuss the role of the complement system in synaptic pruning as well as its contribution to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. We also mention potential therapeutic approaches to target the complement system to treat several neuroinflammatory diseases and unintended consequences of radiotherapy.Keywords: microglia, C1q, synapses, phagocytosis, inflammationhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-complement-in-synaptic-pruning-and-neurodegeneration-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ITTmicrogliac1qsynapsesphagocytosisinflammation.
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Gomez-Arboledas A
Acharya MM
Tenner AJ
spellingShingle Gomez-Arboledas A
Acharya MM
Tenner AJ
The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration
ImmunoTargets and Therapy
microglia
c1q
synapses
phagocytosis
inflammation.
author_facet Gomez-Arboledas A
Acharya MM
Tenner AJ
author_sort Gomez-Arboledas A
title The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration
title_short The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration
title_full The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration
title_fullStr The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration
title_sort role of complement in synaptic pruning and neurodegeneration
publisher Dove Medical Press
series ImmunoTargets and Therapy
issn 2253-1556
publishDate 2021-09-01
description Angela Gomez-Arboledas,1 Munjal M Acharya,2,3 Andrea J Tenner1,4,5 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 4Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; 5Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USACorrespondence: Andrea J TennerDepartment of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, 3205 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, USATel +1 949-824-3268Email atenner@uci.eduAbstract: The complement system, an essential part of the innate immune system, is composed of a group of secreted and membrane proteins that collectively participate in maintaining the function of the healthy and diseased brain. However, an inappropriate activation of the complement system has been related to an inflammatory response in multiple diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as Zika infection and radiotherapy. In addition, C1q and C3 (initial activation components of the complement cascade) have been shown to play a key beneficial role in the refinement of synaptic circuits during developmental stages and adult plasticity. Nevertheless, excessive synaptic pruning in the adult brain can be detrimental and has been associated with synaptic loss in several pathological conditions. In this brief review, we will discuss the role of the complement system in synaptic pruning as well as its contribution to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. We also mention potential therapeutic approaches to target the complement system to treat several neuroinflammatory diseases and unintended consequences of radiotherapy.Keywords: microglia, C1q, synapses, phagocytosis, inflammation
topic microglia
c1q
synapses
phagocytosis
inflammation.
url https://www.dovepress.com/the-role-of-complement-in-synaptic-pruning-and-neurodegeneration-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-ITT
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