Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal

Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a well-known toxin to all types of biological organisms. Over the past few decades, many investigators have employed numerous bioprocesses to neutralize the toxic effects of Cr(VI). One of the main process for its treatment is bioreduction into Cr(III). Key to this process is t...

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Main Authors: Zeeshanur Rahman, Lebin Thomas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-01-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.619766/full
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spelling doaj-97e1256d3bf44056bce846bb788838f32021-01-28T05:09:10ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-01-011110.3389/fmicb.2020.619766619766Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) RemovalZeeshanur Rahman0Lebin Thomas1Department of Botany, Zakir Husain Delhi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, IndiaChromium (Cr) (VI) is a well-known toxin to all types of biological organisms. Over the past few decades, many investigators have employed numerous bioprocesses to neutralize the toxic effects of Cr(VI). One of the main process for its treatment is bioreduction into Cr(III). Key to this process is the ability of microbial enzymes, which facilitate the transfer of electrons into the high valence state of the metal that acts as an electron acceptor. Many underlying previous efforts have stressed on the use of different external organic and inorganic substances as electron donors to promote Cr(VI) reduction process by different microorganisms. The use of various redox mediators enabled electron transport facility for extracellular Cr(VI) reduction and accelerated the reaction. Also, many chemicals have employed diverse roles to improve the Cr(VI) reduction process in different microorganisms. The application of aforementioned materials at the contaminated systems has offered a variety of influence on Cr(VI) bioremediation by altering microbial community structures and functions and redox environment. The collective insights suggest that the knowledge of appropriate implementation of suitable nutrients can strongly inspire the Cr(VI) reduction rate and efficiency. However, a comprehensive information on such substances and their roles and biochemical pathways in different microorganisms remains elusive. In this regard, our review sheds light on the contributions of various chemicals as electron donors, redox mediators, cofactors, etc., on microbial Cr(VI) reduction for enhanced treatment practices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.619766/fullCr(VI) reductionchemical-assistedelectron donorselectron mediatorsmicrobially mediated process
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Zeeshanur Rahman
Lebin Thomas
spellingShingle Zeeshanur Rahman
Lebin Thomas
Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal
Frontiers in Microbiology
Cr(VI) reduction
chemical-assisted
electron donors
electron mediators
microbially mediated process
author_facet Zeeshanur Rahman
Lebin Thomas
author_sort Zeeshanur Rahman
title Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal
title_short Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal
title_full Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal
title_fullStr Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal
title_full_unstemmed Chemical-Assisted Microbially Mediated Chromium (Cr) (VI) Reduction Under the Influence of Various Electron Donors, Redox Mediators, and Other Additives: An Outlook on Enhanced Cr(VI) Removal
title_sort chemical-assisted microbially mediated chromium (cr) (vi) reduction under the influence of various electron donors, redox mediators, and other additives: an outlook on enhanced cr(vi) removal
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
series Frontiers in Microbiology
issn 1664-302X
publishDate 2021-01-01
description Chromium (Cr) (VI) is a well-known toxin to all types of biological organisms. Over the past few decades, many investigators have employed numerous bioprocesses to neutralize the toxic effects of Cr(VI). One of the main process for its treatment is bioreduction into Cr(III). Key to this process is the ability of microbial enzymes, which facilitate the transfer of electrons into the high valence state of the metal that acts as an electron acceptor. Many underlying previous efforts have stressed on the use of different external organic and inorganic substances as electron donors to promote Cr(VI) reduction process by different microorganisms. The use of various redox mediators enabled electron transport facility for extracellular Cr(VI) reduction and accelerated the reaction. Also, many chemicals have employed diverse roles to improve the Cr(VI) reduction process in different microorganisms. The application of aforementioned materials at the contaminated systems has offered a variety of influence on Cr(VI) bioremediation by altering microbial community structures and functions and redox environment. The collective insights suggest that the knowledge of appropriate implementation of suitable nutrients can strongly inspire the Cr(VI) reduction rate and efficiency. However, a comprehensive information on such substances and their roles and biochemical pathways in different microorganisms remains elusive. In this regard, our review sheds light on the contributions of various chemicals as electron donors, redox mediators, cofactors, etc., on microbial Cr(VI) reduction for enhanced treatment practices.
topic Cr(VI) reduction
chemical-assisted
electron donors
electron mediators
microbially mediated process
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2020.619766/full
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