| Summary: | Genetic variability defends us against pathogen-driven antigens; human leucocyte antigens (HLA) is the immunological system in charge of this work. The Mexican mestizo population arises mainly from the mixture of three founder populations; Amerindian, Spaniards, and a smaller proportion of the African population. We describe allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA class I (-<i>A</i> and <i>-B</i>) and class II (-<i>DRB1</i> and -<i>DQB1</i>), which were analyzed by PCR-SSP in Mexican mestizo from three urban populations of Mexico: Chihuahua-Chihuahua City (<i>n</i> = 88), Mexico City-Tlalpan (<i>n</i> = 330), and Veracruz-Xalapa (<i>n</i> = 84). The variability of the allele HLA class I and class II among the three regions of Mexico are in four alleles: <i>HLA-A*24:02</i> (36.39%), <i>-B*35:01</i> (16.04%), <i>-DRB1*04:07</i> (17.33%), and -<i>DQB1*03:02</i> (31.47%), these alleles have been previously described in some indigenous populations. We identified 5 haplotypes with a frequency >1%: <i>HLA-A*02:01-B*35:01-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02</i>, <i>A*68:01-B*39:01-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02</i>, <i>A*02:01-B*35:01-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02, A*68:01-B*39:01-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02</i>, and <i>A*01:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01</i>. Also, the haplotype <i>A*02:01-B*35:01-DRB1*08:02-DQB1*04:02</i> was identified in Tlalpan and Xalapa regions. Haplotype <i>A*01:01-B*08:01-DRB1*03:01-DQB1*02:01</i> was found only in Tlalpan and Chihuahua. In the Xalapa region, the most frequent haplotype was <i>A*24:02-B*35:01-DRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02</i>. These alleles and haplotypes have been described in Amerindian populations. Our data are consistent with previous studies and contribute to the analysis of the variability in the Mexican population.
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