| Summary: | Causal attributions are beliefs concerning the causes of an event. They critically influence students motivation, affectivity,
and academic achievement. This study aimed to identify elementary school students causal attributions for academic
success and failure, their relationships with academic achievement and gender, as well as to identify the students feelings
related to school success and failure. Data were collected by applying a questionnaire (open questions) and analyzed in
their qualitative and quantitative dimensions. Results showed childrens tendency to explain school success and failure as
determined mainly by internal causes such as effort, capacity and attention. Causal attributions differences related to
students gender and academic achievement were identified and most of the students were unable to nominate their own
feelings. Some affective and motivation problems concerning teachers practice are discussed
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