Urban Rural Differences in Breast Cancer in New Zealand

• Main Authors: Ross Lawrenson, Chunhuan Lao, Mark Elwood, Charis Brown, Diana Sarfati, Ian Campbell
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: MDPI AG 2016-10-01
• Series: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
• Subjects: rural; urban; breast cancer; Māori; equity; survival
• Online Access: http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/13/10/1000

Many rural communities have poor access to health services due to a combination of distance from specialist services and a relative shortage of general practitioners. Our aims were to compare the characteristics of urban and rural women with breast cancer in New Zealand, to assess breast cancer-specific and all-cause survival using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model, and to assess whether the impact of rurality is different for Māori and New Zealand (NZ) European women. We found that rural women tended to be older and were more likely to be Māori. Overall there were no differences between urban and rural women with regards their survival. Rural Māori tended to be older, more likely to be diagnosed with metastatic disease and less likely to be screen detected than urban Māori. Rural Māori women had inferior breast cancer-specific survival and all-cause survival at 10 years at 72.1% and 55.8% compared to 77.9% and 64.9% for urban Māori. The study shows that rather than being concerned that more needs to be done for rural women in general it is rural Māori women where we need to make extra efforts to ensure early stage at diagnosis and optimum treatment.