TGF-α Overexpression in Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis and Primary Lesions and TGF-α Enhancement of Expression of Procancer Metastasis Cytokines in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells

• Main Authors: Jingbo Sun, Haiyan Cui, Yanxin Gao, Yangjian Pan, Kun Zhou, Jingzhan Huang, Jin Lan, Qingzhu Wei, Xiaolong Liu, Lixin Liu, Cory J. Xian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hindawi Limited 2018-01-01
• Series: BioMed Research International
• Online Access: http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6565393
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141

Bone metastasis (BM) is the advanced complication of breast cancer, while bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the microenvironment unclearly contribute to cancer metastasis. This study investigated potential roles of transforming growth factor- (TGF-) α in the interaction between breast cancer and BMSCs in BM. Clinical cases of breast cancer with bone metastasis (BMBC), breast cancer without bone metastasis (Non-BM-BC), and benign fibroadenoma (Benign) were enlisted in a retrospective study. TGF-α was found obviously overexpressed in BM lesion of BMBC compared to primary lesion of both BMBC and Non-BM-BC (P<0.01), and TGF-α was higher in primary lesion of both BMBC and Non-BM-BC (P<0.01) than Benign group. Interestingly, TGF-α in nontumor tissues of both BMBC and Non-BM-BC was at a higher level than Benign group (P<0.01), and numbers of macrophages in nontumor tissues of both BMBC and Non-BM-BC (P<0.01) were higher than Benign group. Furthermore, in cultured human BMSCs, TGF-α stimulated production of procancer cytokines including IL-6, VEGF, FGF10, FGF17, and TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, TGF-α in BC could potentially be an important signal of carcinogenesis and metastasis. Macrophages in the nontumor tissue of BC may not be protective but could promote cancer metastasis.