Review on Extracellular Respiratory Bacteria and Its Application in Migration and Transformation of Pollutants

• Main Authors: TANG Zhu-rui, HUANG Cai-hong, GAO Ru-tai, TAN Wen-bing, ZHANG Hui, LI Dan, XI Bei-dou
• Format: Article
• Language: zho
• Published: Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture 2017-06-01
• Series: Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment
• Subjects: extracellular respiratory bacteria, heavy metals, organic pollutants
• Online Access: http://www.aed.org.cn/nyzyyhjxb/html/2017/4/20170401.htm

Extracellular respiratory bacteria(ERB) could produce electrons by oxidation of organic matter under anaerobic conditions, then transfer them to the extracellular electron acceptors and gain energy to maintain their growth. ERB play an important role in the migration and transformation of heavy metals and organic pollutants, and the synergy effect between different microorganisms exerts greater advantage than single microorganisms. These bacteria, mainly including Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Firmicutes, are widely distributed in the environment, and most of them are Gram-negative bacteria. <i>Shewanella oneidensisi</i> MR-1 and <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i> are often used as model microorganisms to reveal the mechanism of electron transport. Five mechanisms regarding extracellular electron transport have been identified, including direct electron transport, electron shuttling, electrokinesis, conductive nanowires, and intercellular electron transport. These mechanisms do not exist independently in environment, but simultaneously exert effects on contaminants degradation. The present review underlines the species, distribution and electron transfer mechanisms of ERB, with an emphasis on their recent applications on the migration and transformation of contaminants in environments. This review could provide theoretical foundation on how to better exert the environmental effects of ERB.