Anxiety Levels Amid the COVID-19 Lockdown in Saudi Arabia

• Main Authors: Albagmi FM, AlNujaidi HY, Al Shawan DS
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dove Medical Press 2021-05-01
• Series: International Journal of General Medicine
• Subjects: covid-19; psychological impact; anxiety disorder; prevalence; saudi arabia
• Online Access: https://www.dovepress.com/anxiety-levels-amid-the-covid-19-lockdown-in-saudi-arabia-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGM

Faisal Mashel Albagmi,1,2 Heba Yaagoub AlNujaidi,1 Deema Saad Al Shawan1 1College of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; 2The College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Deema Saad Al ShawanCollege of Public Health, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaEmail [e-mail]: To assess the prevalence of anxiety and factors associated with it during the peak of the outbreak in Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional research screened the general public using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 to detect anxiety levels. The questionnaire was distributed online during May 2020, while lockdowns were enforced. A total of 3017 respondents from all five main regions of Saudi Arabia completed the survey. The prevalence of anxiety was measured. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were executed to determine associated factors with anxiety during peak lockdown.Results: About 19.6% of the respondents possessed a moderate to severe level of anxiety during the pandemic. Western, Northern, and Eastern regions of Saudi Arabia were found to be the most anxious. Female participants had 5.3% higher levels of anxiety compared to male counterparts. The youngest age group (18 to 19 years), most of them were students, reported the highest frequency of anxiety (28.7%). Divorced and single participants had a higher level of anxiety compared to married ones. After adjusted with other variables, living with a family member with risk of the COVID-19 was the best predictor assessing anxiety amid peak lockdown (OR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.4– 2.2).Conclusion: Notable anxiety prevailed during the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia. The presence of vulnerable subjects in the family augments this psychological disorder considerably. Our findings promulgate a need to inculcate nation-wide strategies to enforce public health emergency preparedness plans to mitigate the adverse psychological effects of outbreaks.Keywords: COVID-19, psychological impact, anxiety disorder, prevalence, Saudi Arabia