TECHNOGENIC TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE HYDROGEOSPHERE OF THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

• Main Author: L. E. Orolbaeva
• Format: Article
• Language: deu
• Published: Ural State Mining University 2018-12-01
• Series: Izvestiâ Uralʹskogo Gosudarstvennogo Gornogo Universiteta
• Subjects: transformation of hydrogeosphere; geohazard; technogenic processes; groundwater; pollution; saturation
• Online Access: https://www.iuggu.ru/en/4-18-9
• ISSN: 2307-2091; 2500-2414

Relevance of the work. The development of uranium and gold deposits in mountainous areas, intake of groundwater and strong irrigation in the submontane areas and even land lead to changes in the water component of ecosystems of the territory of Kyrgyzstan. This is especially true of groundwater. Geo-ecological changes that require analysis and evaluation are associated with the transformation of geofiltration and the chemical composition of groundwater in the Kyrgyz Republic. Purpose of work: analysis of the impact of various types of technogenic processes on changes in the properties of the geological environment and transformation of the hydrogeosphere of mountain geosystems within the territory of the Kyrgyz Republic. Methodology of research. This paper summarizes information on technogenic processes and the transformation of the hydrogeosphere in the development of uranium and gold deposits in mountainous conditions associated with the risks of hazardous processes of a synergistic nature. Technogenic processes of various types were analyzed. Results. The factors affecting the formation of water resources of intermountain basins are highlighted. The geological, hydrogeological, hydrodynamic features of intermountain artesian basins are characterized; the characteristic of technogenic factors are given. The features of the formation of techogenesis are described; the definition of technogenesis of mining, reclamative and industrial type is specified; some local and area changes in the surface and underground hydrosphere are given. This paper deals with some problems concerning technogenic pollution of fresh groundwater, the analysis of types of pollution, the formation of processes for groundwater dam, saturation, resalting, and activation of exogenous geological processes. Conclusions. The main types of technogenesis are considered according to the conditions of negative impact on the properties of the geological environment and the transformation of geofiltration processes and the chemical composition of groundwater. Technogenic transformations of hydro land reclaiming type of hydrogeosphere are associated with the construction of reservoirs, irrigation networks and irrigation itself. This paper gives the examples of seismic activity in the area of the Toktogulsky reservoir, development of saturation, contraction, and increasing measures of earthquake intensity in the Osh-Karasuysky oasis. Technogenic processes of a city-industrial type are formed within the territory of large cities of the Kyrgyz Republic. The processes of pollution of groundwater and the transformation of groundwater flows in the territory of the cities of Bishkek, Osh, Kara-Suu are considered. Under the influence of technogenic processes of mining, reclamative and industrial types in the territory of Kyrgyzstan, there is a transformation of the chemical composition of groundwater and surface water, as well as geofiltration processes.