Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials

The surface pH is a critical factor in the quality and longevity of materials and products. Traditional fast colorimetric pH detection-based tests such as water quality control or pregnancy tests, when results are determined by the naked eye, cannot provide quantitative values. Using standard pH pap...

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Main Authors: Katarína Vizárová, Izabela Vajová, Naďa Krivoňáková, Radko Tiňo, Zdenko Takáč, Štefan Vodný, Svetozár Katuščák
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2021-06-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3682
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spelling doaj-919d21a3c86846ba8e8beb39c1172df52021-07-01T00:21:27ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-06-01263682368210.3390/molecules26123682Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of MaterialsKatarína Vizárová0Izabela Vajová1Naďa Krivoňáková2Radko Tiňo3Zdenko Takáč4Štefan Vodný5Svetozár Katuščák6Department of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaInstitute of Information Engineering, Automation, and Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaCertex a.s., Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Wood, Pulp and Paper, Institute of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, SlovakiaThe surface pH is a critical factor in the quality and longevity of materials and products. Traditional fast colorimetric pH detection-based tests such as water quality control or pregnancy tests, when results are determined by the naked eye, cannot provide quantitative values. Using standard pH papers, paper-printed comparison charts, or colorimetric microfluidic paper-based analytical devices is not suitable for such technological applications and quality management systems (QMSs) where the particular tested material should contain a suitable indicator in situ, in its structure, either before or after the process, the technology or the apparatus that are being tested. This paper describes a method based on the combination of impregnation of a tested material with a pH indicator in situ, its exposure to a process of technology whose impact on pH value is to be tested, colorimetric pH measurement, and approximation of pH value using derived pH characteristic parameters (pH-CPs) based on CIE orthogonal and cylindrical color variables. The hypotheses were experimentally verified using the methyl red pH indicator, impregnating the acid lignin-containing paper, and preparing a calibration sample set with pH in the range 4 to 12 using controlled alkalization. Based on the performed measurements and statistical evaluation, it can be concluded that the best pH-CPs with the highest regression parameters for pH are <i>√</i>∆<i>E, ln (a),</i><i>√</i>∆<i>H (ab), a/L, h/b</i> and <i>ln (b/a)</i>. The experimental results show that the presented method allows a good estimation of pH detection of the material surfaces.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3682pH measurementcolorimetric pH-metryacidityacid paperdeacidification
collection DOAJ
language English
format Article
sources DOAJ
author Katarína Vizárová
Izabela Vajová
Naďa Krivoňáková
Radko Tiňo
Zdenko Takáč
Štefan Vodný
Svetozár Katuščák
spellingShingle Katarína Vizárová
Izabela Vajová
Naďa Krivoňáková
Radko Tiňo
Zdenko Takáč
Štefan Vodný
Svetozár Katuščák
Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials
Molecules
pH measurement
colorimetric pH-metry
acidity
acid paper
deacidification
author_facet Katarína Vizárová
Izabela Vajová
Naďa Krivoňáková
Radko Tiňo
Zdenko Takáč
Štefan Vodný
Svetozár Katuščák
author_sort Katarína Vizárová
title Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials
title_short Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials
title_full Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials
title_fullStr Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials
title_full_unstemmed Regression Analysis of Orthogonal, Cylindrical and Multivariable Color Parameters for Colorimetric Surface pH Measurement of Materials
title_sort regression analysis of orthogonal, cylindrical and multivariable color parameters for colorimetric surface ph measurement of materials
publisher MDPI AG
series Molecules
issn 1420-3049
publishDate 2021-06-01
description The surface pH is a critical factor in the quality and longevity of materials and products. Traditional fast colorimetric pH detection-based tests such as water quality control or pregnancy tests, when results are determined by the naked eye, cannot provide quantitative values. Using standard pH papers, paper-printed comparison charts, or colorimetric microfluidic paper-based analytical devices is not suitable for such technological applications and quality management systems (QMSs) where the particular tested material should contain a suitable indicator in situ, in its structure, either before or after the process, the technology or the apparatus that are being tested. This paper describes a method based on the combination of impregnation of a tested material with a pH indicator in situ, its exposure to a process of technology whose impact on pH value is to be tested, colorimetric pH measurement, and approximation of pH value using derived pH characteristic parameters (pH-CPs) based on CIE orthogonal and cylindrical color variables. The hypotheses were experimentally verified using the methyl red pH indicator, impregnating the acid lignin-containing paper, and preparing a calibration sample set with pH in the range 4 to 12 using controlled alkalization. Based on the performed measurements and statistical evaluation, it can be concluded that the best pH-CPs with the highest regression parameters for pH are <i>√</i>∆<i>E, ln (a),</i><i>√</i>∆<i>H (ab), a/L, h/b</i> and <i>ln (b/a)</i>. The experimental results show that the presented method allows a good estimation of pH detection of the material surfaces.
topic pH measurement
colorimetric pH-metry
acidity
acid paper
deacidification
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/12/3682
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