Carcinogenesis induced by low-dose radiation

• Main Authors: Piotrowski Igor, Kulcenty Katarzyna, Suchorska Wiktoria Maria, Skrobała Agnieszka, Skórska Małgorzata, Kruszyna-Mochalska Marta, Kowalik Anna, Jackowiak Weronika, Malicki Julian
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Published: Sciendo 2017-11-01
• Series: Radiology and Oncology
• Subjects: low-dose radiation; carcinogenesis; dna; radiation induced bystander effect
• Online Access: https://doi.org/10.1515/raon-2017-0044

Although the effects of high dose radiation on human cells and tissues are relatively well defined, there is no consensus regarding the effects of low and very low radiation doses on the organism. Ionizing radiation has been shown to induce gene mutations and chromosome aberrations which are known to be involved in the process of carcinogenesis. The induction of secondary cancers is a challenging long-term side effect in oncologic patients treated with radiation. Medical sources of radiation like intensity modulated radiotherapy used in cancer treatment and computed tomography used in diagnostics, deliver very low doses of radiation to large volumes of healthy tissue, which might contribute to increased cancer rates in long surviving patients and in the general population. Research shows that because of the phenomena characteristic for low dose radiation the risk of cancer induction from exposure of healthy tissues to low dose radiation can be greater than the risk calculated from linear no-threshold model. Epidemiological data collected from radiation workers and atomic bomb survivors confirms that exposure to low dose radiation can contribute to increased cancer risk and also that the risk might correlate with the age at exposure.